معرفی دوباره گونه

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
رهاسازی عمدی یک گونه در طبیعت

معرفی دوباره گونه‌ها یا معرفی مجدد گونه‌ها (به انگلیسی: Species reintroduction)، رهاسازی عمدی یک گونه در طبیعت، از اسارت یا دیگر مناطقی است که جاندار زنده توانایی زنده ماندن را دارد.[۱] هدف از معرفی دوباره گونه‌ها، ایجاد یک جمعیت سالم، از نظر ژنتیکیمتنوع و خودپایا در منطقه‌ای است که از بین رفته‌است، یا برای افزایش جمعیت جاندار انجام می‌شود. گونه‌هایی که ممکن است دارای شرایط معرفی دوباره باشند، معمولاً در طبیعت در معرض تهدید یا در خطر انقراض هستند. با این حال، معرفی دوباره یک گونه نیز می‌تواند برای مهار آفت باشد. به عنوان مثال، گرگ‌ها دوباره به یک منطقه وحشی معرفی می‌شوند تا از جمعیت بیش از حد گوزن جلوگیری کنند. از آنجایی که معرفی دوباره ممکن است شامل بازگرداندن گونه‌های بومی به مناطقی باشد که در آنجا منقرض شده‌اند، برخی اصطلاح «پایه‌گذاری دوباره» (reestablishment) را ترجیح می‌دهند.[۱]

انسان‌ها هزاران سال است که گونه‌ها را برای غذا و کنترل آفت معرفی می‌کنند. با این حال، روش معرفی دوباره برای حفاظت، از قرن بیستم بسیار جوان‌تر است.[۲]

روش‌های تأمین منبع برای افراد[ویرایش]

نگرش‌های ژنتیکی[ویرایش]

  • شباهت بوم‌شناختی
  • سازگاری به اسارت
  • تبادل ژنتیکی

بهبود فناوری‌های پژوهشی[ویرایش]

  • پایش ژنتیکی

برنامه‌های معرفی دوباره[ویرایش]

آفریقا[ویرایش]

آسیا[ویرایش]

اروپا[ویرایش]

خاورمیانه[ویرایش]

آمریکای شمالی[ویرایش]

اقیانوس‌ها و اقیانوسیه[ویرایش]

آمریکای جنوبی[ویرایش]

منابع[ویرایش]

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