آلودگی ژنتیک

آلودگی ژنتیک (به انگلیسی: Genetic pollution)، یک اصطلاح بحث‌برانگیز^[۱]^[۲] برای جریان مهارنشده^[۳]^[۴] ژن به جمعیت‌های وحشی است. این به عنوان «پراکندگی ژن‌های تغییریافته آلوده از جانداران دستکاری‌شده ژنتیکی به جانداران طبیعی، به ویژه با گرده‌افشانی متقابل» تعریف شده‌است،^[۵] اما به روش‌های گسترده‌تری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته‌است. این به مفهوم ژنتیک جمعیت جریان ژن و نجات ژنتیک مربوط می‌شود که ماده ژنتیکی به‌طور عمدی برای افزایش تناسب اندام یک جمعیت معرفی شده‌است.^[۶] زمانی آلودگی ژنتیک نامیده می‌شود که بر تناسب اندام یک جمعیت تأثیر منفی بگذارد، مانند افسردگی برون‌زادآوری و معرفی فنوتیپ‌های ناخواسته که می‌تواند سبب انقراض شود.

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ Rhymer JM, Simberloff D (1996). "Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 27: 83–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83.
↑ Competitive Enterprise Institute staff (2004). "What's Wrong with the Environmental Movement: an interview with Patrick Moore". Environment News. The Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on 24 November 2006.
↑ Boffey, Philip M. (December 13, 1983). "Italy's Wild Dogs Winning Darwinian Battle". The New York Times. Although wolves and dogs have always lived in close contact in Italy and have presumably mated in the past, the newly worrisome element, in Dr. Boitani's opinion, is the increasing disparity in numbers, which suggests that interbreeding will become fairly common. As a result, genetic pollution of the wolf gene pool might reach irreversible levels, he warned. By hybridization, dogs can easily absorb the wolf genes and destroy the wolf, as it is, he said. The wolf might survive as a more doglike animal, better adapted to living close to people, he said, but it would not be what we today call a wolf.
↑ Ellstrand, Norman C. (2001). "When Transgenes Wander, Should We Worry?". Plant Physiol. 125 (4): 1543–1545. doi:10.1104/pp.125.4.1543. PMC 1539377. PMID 11299333.
↑ "the definition of genetic pollution". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
↑ Waller, Donald M. (June 2015). "Genetic rescue: a safe or risky bet?". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2595–2597. doi:10.1111/mec.13220. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 26013990.

[mixing-1] Rhymer JM, Simberloff D (1996). "Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 27: 83–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83.

[heartland-2] Competitive Enterprise Institute staff (2004). "What's Wrong with the Environmental Movement: an interview with Patrick Moore". Environment News. The Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on 24 November 2006.

[Genetic_Pollution_in_Italian_Wolfs_1983-3] Boffey, Philip M. (December 13, 1983). "Italy's Wild Dogs Winning Darwinian Battle". The New York Times. Although wolves and dogs have always lived in close contact in Italy and have presumably mated in the past, the newly worrisome element, in Dr. Boitani's opinion, is the increasing disparity in numbers, which suggests that interbreeding will become fairly common. As a result, genetic pollution of the wolf gene pool might reach irreversible levels, he warned. By hybridization, dogs can easily absorb the wolf genes and destroy the wolf, as it is, he said. The wolf might survive as a more doglike animal, better adapted to living close to people, he said, but it would not be what we today call a wolf.

[4] Ellstrand, Norman C. (2001). "When Transgenes Wander, Should We Worry?". Plant Physiol. 125 (4): 1543–1545. doi:10.1104/pp.125.4.1543. PMC 1539377. PMID 11299333.

[5] "the definition of genetic pollution". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 2018-04-30.

[6] Waller, Donald M. (June 2015). "Genetic rescue: a safe or risky bet?". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2595–2597. doi:10.1111/mec.13220. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 26013990.

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