پیش‌نویس:فهرست پرندگان ارمنستان

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Armenia. The avifauna of ارمنستان include a total of 376 species

This list's آرایه‌شناسی (زیست‌شناسی) treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2019 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Accidental species are included in the total species count for Armenia.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

  • (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Armenia
  • (Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in Armenia although populations exist elsewhere

اردک ها، geese, و waterfowl[ویرایش]

راسته: غازسانان   تیره: مرغابیان

Anatidae includes the مرغابیs and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese و قوs. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Pheasants, grouse, و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: ماکیان‌سانان   تیره: قرقاولان

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

فلامینگوها[ویرایش]

راسته: بال‌آتشی‌سانان   تیره: بال‌آتشیان

فلامینگوs are gregarious wading birds, usually ۳ تا ۵ فوت (۰٫۹ تا ۱٫۵ متر) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

کشیم‌ها[ویرایش]

راسته: کشیم   تیره: کشیم

کشیمs are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

کبوترها و کبوترها[ویرایش]

راسته: کبوتر   تیره: کبوتر

کبوترs and کبوترs are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy منقار.

Sandgrouse[ویرایش]

راسته: کوکر   تیره: کوکر

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Bustards[ویرایش]

راسته: هوبره   تیره: هوبره

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

کوکوها[ویرایش]

راسته: کوکو (پرنده)   تیره: کوکو (پرنده)

The family Cuculidae includes کوکو (پرنده)s, کوکوی دوندهs and نوک‌بلند. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

Nightjars[ویرایش]

راسته: شبگردسانان   تیره: شبگردان

شبگردانs are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

بادخورک‌ها[ویرایش]

راسته: شبگردسانان   تیره: بادخورک

بادخورکs are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Rails, gallinules و coots[ویرایش]

راسته: درناسانان   تیره: یلوه

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the یلوه، یلوهs, چنگرs and یلوهs. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

درناها[ویرایش]

راسته: کلنگ‌سانان   تیره: کلنگان

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Thick-knees[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: تلیله‌ایان

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

چوب‌پاها و avocets[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: نوک‌خنجریان

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the نوک‌خنجریs and چوب‌پاs. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

صدف‌خوارها[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: صدف‌خوار

The صدف‌خوارs are large and noisy سلیم-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open نرم‌تنانs.

Plovers و lapwings[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: سلیمیان

The family Charadriidae includes the سلیمs, سلیم اوراسیاییs and خروس کولی (زیرخانواده)s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Sandpipers و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: آبچلیک

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the آبچلیکs, گیلان‌شاهs, نوک‌انبریs, آبچیلیک‌های ترینگا، مرغ جوگندمیs, ابیاs, پاشلکs, گل‌نوردs and شناگرهاs. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles و coursers[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: چلچله‌بیابانیان

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the مرغ چمنs, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the دودوئک‌هاs, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Skuas و jaegers[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: قاپو

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Gulls, terns, و skimmers[ویرایش]

راسته: سلیم‌سانان   تیره: مرغ نوروزی

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, پرستوی دریاییs, and آب‌شکافs. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Loons[ویرایش]

راسته: غواص‌سانان   تیره: غواص (پرنده)

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Storks[ویرایش]

راسته: لک‌لک   تیره: لک‌لک

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Cormorants و shags[ویرایش]

راسته: کودن‌سانان   تیره: باکلان

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

Pelicans[ویرایش]

راسته: پلیکان‌سانان   تیره: پلیکان

پلیکانs are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

Herons, egrets, و bitterns[ویرایش]

راسته: پلیکان‌سانان   تیره: حواصیل

The family Ardeidae contains the بوتیمارs, حواصیلs and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Ibises و spoonbills[ویرایش]

راسته: پلیکان‌سانان   تیره: مرغ‌مقدسیان

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the اکراسes and کفچه‌نوکs. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Osprey[ویرایش]

راسته: قوش‌سانان   تیره: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large پرنده شکاری which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Hawks, eagles, و kites[ویرایش]

راسته: قوش‌سانان   تیره: قوشیان

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes قوشs, عقابs, کورکور، سنقر (پرنده) and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Owls[ویرایش]

راسته: جغد   تیره: جغدان معمولی

The جغدان معمولیs are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Hoopoes[ویرایش]

راسته: نوک‌شاخ‌سانان   تیره: هدهد (سرده)

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

Kingfishers[ویرایش]

راسته: سبزقباسانان   تیره: ماهی‌خورک‌های رودخانه‌ای

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Bee-eaters[ویرایش]

راسته: سبزقباسانان   تیره: زنبورخوار

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Rollers[ویرایش]

راسته: سبزقباسانان   تیره: سبزقبا

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the ماهی‌خورک‌های رودخانه‌ایs and زنبورخوارs. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Woodpeckers[ویرایش]

راسته: دارکوب‌سانان   تیره: دارکوب

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons و caracaras[ویرایش]

راسته: شاهینیان   تیره: شاهینیان

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. T

Old World orioles[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: پری‌شاهرخان

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

Shrikes[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سنگ‌چشم

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Crows, jays, و magpies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: کلاغان

The family Corvidae includes crows, غرابs, jays, زاغs, زاغیs, treepies, فندق‌شکن (پرنده)s and جیجاق‌های زمینیs. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Tits, chickadees, و titmice[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: چرخ‌ریسک

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Penduline-tits[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: چرخ‌ریسک تاب‌لانه

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

Larks[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: چکاوک

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Bearded reedling[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: منقارطوطی ریشو

This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.

Cisticolas و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سبدنشینان

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or gray appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

Reed warblers و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسک‌های درخت‌ومرداب

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Grassbirds و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسک‌های دم‌بزرگ

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Swallows[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: پرستو

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Bulbuls[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: بلبلان

Bulbuls are medium-sized passerine songbirds. The family is distributed across Africa, Middle East, tropical Asia, Indonesia, and Japan. T

Leaf warblers[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسک برگی

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into والاسیا and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

Bush warblers و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسک جنبان

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.[۲]

Long-tailed tits[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: چرخ‌ریسک دم‌دراز

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسکیان

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Kinglets[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سسک تاجی

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

Wallcreeper[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: دیوارخزک

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

Nuthatches[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Treecreepers[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: دارخزک

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Wrens[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: الیکایی (پرنده)

The الیکایی (پرنده)s are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Dippers[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: زیرآبروک

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

Starlings[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سار

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Thrushes و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: توکایان

The توکایان are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Old World flycatchers[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: مگس‌گیران

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Waxwings[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: بال‌لاکی

The بال‌لاکیs are a group of passerine birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Accentors[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the منطقه دیرینه‌قطبی. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to گنجشکs.

Old World sparrows[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: گنجشک

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Wagtails و pipits[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: دم‌جنبانکیان

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches, euphonias, و allies[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: سهره

سهرهes are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs و arctic buntings[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: پنجه‌بلندان

The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Old World buntings[ویرایش]

راسته: گنجشک‌سانان   تیره: زردپره‌های معمولی

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

جستارهای وابسته[ویرایش]

منابع[ویرایش]

  1. ↑ "Sighting Report - BirdGuides". BirdGuides (به انگلیسی). 24 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  2. ↑ Gill, F. and D. Donsker (Eds). 2019. IOC World Bird List (v 9.2). doi:10.14344/IOC.ML.9.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ retrieved 22 June 2019

Further reading[ویرایش]

  • Adamian, Martin S.; Klem, Jr., Daniel (1997). A Field Guide to Birds of Armenia. Yerevan, Armenia: American University of Armenia.
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