↑In contrast to Pinyin Romanization used for Mandarin, Thai Romanization uses the diacritics the way the IPA does.
↑Vowels' diacritics are shown on a dotted circle "◌".
↑More diphthongs occur in the pattern /Vw/ or /Vj/: /aj,aːj,aw,aːw,iw,uj,uːj,ew,eːw,ɛːw,ɤːj,oːj,ɔːj,iow,uɛj,ɯɛj/.
↑Each first element in the listing represents a Thai diphthong, hence with /a/ as the ending vowel (according to Tingsabadh, Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993). "Thai". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 23 (1): 24–28. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746.).