گاه‌شمار کشف ذرات بنیادی

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
پرش به: ناوبری، جستجو

این صفحه گاه‌شمار کشف ذرات زیراتمی است.

منابع [ویرایش]

  1. ↑ W.C. Röntgen (1895). "Über ein neue Art von Strahlen. Vorlaufige Mitteilung". Sitzber. Physik. Med. Ges. 137: 1. http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/roentgen.html. 
  2. ↑ J.J. Thomson (1897). "Cathode Rays". Philosophical Magazine 44: 293. http://web.lemoyne.edu/~GIUNTA/thomson1897.html. 
  3. ↑ E. Rutherford (1899). "Uranium Radiation and the Electrical Conduction Produced by it". Philosophical Magazine 47: 109. 
  4. ↑ P. Villard (1900). "Sur la Réflexion et la Réfraction des Rayons Cathodiques et des Rayons Déviables du Radium". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 130: 1010. 
  5. ↑ E. Rutherford (1911). "The Scattering of α- and β- Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom". Philosophical Magazine 21: 669. 
  6. ↑ E. Rutherford (1919). "Collision of α Particles with Light Atoms IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen". Philosophical Magazine 37: 581. 
  7. ↑ J. Chadwick (1932). "Possible Existence of a Neutron". نیچر 129 (3252): 312. Bibcode 1932Natur.129Q.312C. DOI:10.1038/129312a0. 
  8. ↑ E. Rutherford (1920). "Nuclear Constitution of Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society A 97: 324. 
  9. ↑ C.D. Anderson (1932). "The Apparent Existence of Easily Deflectable Positives". ساینس 76 (1967): 238–9. Bibcode 1932Sci....76..238A. DOI:10.1126/science.76.1967.238. PMID 17731542. 
  10. ↑ S.H. Neddermeyer, C.D. Anderson (1937). "Note on the nature of Cosmic-Ray Particles". Physical Review 51 (10): 884. Bibcode 1937PhRv...51..884N. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.51.884. 
  11. ↑ M. Conversi, E. Pancini, O. Piccioni (1947). "On the Disintegration of Negative Muons". Physical Review 71 (3): 209. Bibcode 1947PhRv...71..209C. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.71.209. 
  12. ↑ C.D. Anderson (1935). "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles". Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan 17: 48. 
  13. ↑ G.D. Rochester, C.C. Butler (1947). "Evidence for the Existence of New Unstable Elementary Particles". نیچر 160 (4077): 855. Bibcode 1947Natur.160..855R. DOI:10.1038/160855a0. 
  14. ↑ The Strange Quark
  15. ↑ O. Chamberlain, E. Segrè, C. Wiegand, T. Ypsilantis (1955). "Observation of Antiprotons". Physical Review 100 (3): 947. Bibcode 1955PhRv..100..947C. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.100.947. 
  16. ↑ F. Reines, C.L. Cowan (1956). "The Neutrino". نیچر 178 (4531): 446. Bibcode 1956Natur.178..446R. DOI:10.1038/178446a0. 
  17. ↑ G. Danby 'et al. (1962). "Observation of High-Energy Neutrino Reactions and the Existence of Two Kinds of Neutrinos". Physical Review Letters 9 (1): 36. Bibcode 1962PhRvL...9...36D. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.9.36. 
  18. ↑ . 
  19. ↑ E.D. Bloom et al. (1969). "High-Energy Inelastic e–p Scattering at 6° and 10°". Physical Review Letters 23 (16): 930. Bibcode 1969PhRvL..23..930B. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.930. 
  20. ↑ M. Breidenbach et al. (1969). "Observed Behavior of Highly Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering". Physical Review Letters 23 (16): 935. Bibcode 1969PhRvL..23..935B. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.935. 
  21. ↑ J.J. Aubert et al. (1974). "Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1404. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1404A. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404. 
  22. ↑ J. -E. Augustin et al. (1974). "Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e+e− Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 33 (23): 1406. Bibcode 1974PhRvL..33.1406A. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406. 
  23. ↑ B.J. Bjørken, S.L. Glashow (1964). "Elementary Particles and SU(4)". Physics Letters 11 (3): 255. Bibcode 1964PhL....11..255B. Error: Bad DOI specified. 
  24. ↑ M.L. Perl et al. (1975). "Evidence for Anomalous Lepton Production in e+–e− Annihilation". Physical Review Letters 35 (22): 1489. Bibcode 1975PhRvL..35.1489P. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.1489. 
  25. ↑ S.W. Herb et al. (1977). "Observation of a Dimuon Resonance at 9.5 GeV in 400-GeV Proton-Nucleus Collisions". Physical Review Letters 39 (5): 252. Bibcode 1977PhRvL..39..252H. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.252. 
  26. ↑ D.P. Barber et al. (1979). "Discovery of Three-Jet Events and a Test of Quantum Chromodynamics at PETRA". Physical Review Letters 43 (12): 830. Bibcode 1979PhRvL..43..830B. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.830. 
  27. ↑ J.J. Aubert et al. (European Muon Collaboration) (1983). "The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F۲N for iron and deuterium". Physics Letters B 123 (3–4): 275. Bibcode 1983PhLB..123..275A. Error: Bad DOI specified. 
  28. ↑ G. Arnison et al. (UA1 collaboration) (1983). "Experimental observation of lepton pairs of invariant mass around ۹۵ GeV/c2 at the CERN SPS collider". Physics Letters B 126 (5): 398. Bibcode 1983PhLB..126..398A. Error: Bad DOI specified. 
  29. ↑ F. Abe et al. (CDF collaboration) (1995). "Observation of Top quark production in p–p Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab". Physical Review Letters 74 (14): 2626–2631. arXiv:hep-ex/9503002. Bibcode 1995PhRvL..74.2626A. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2626. PMID 10057978. 
  30. ↑ S. Arabuchi et al. (D0 collaboration) (1995). "Observation of the Top Quark". Physical Review Letters 74 (14): 2632–2637. arXiv:hep-ex/9503003. Bibcode 1995PhRvL..74.2632A. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2632. PMID 10057979. 
  31. ↑ G. Baur et al. (1996). "Production of Antihydrogen". Physics Letters B 368 (3): 251–258. Bibcode 1996PhLB..368..251B. Error: Bad DOI specified. 
  32. ↑ "Physicists Find First Direct Evidence for Tau Neutrino at Fermilab" (Press release). آزمایشگاه فرمی. 20 July 2000. http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/press_releases/donut.html. Retrieved 20 March 2010. 
  33. ↑ New subatomic particle found at super-collider - Technology & science - Science - NBCNews.com
  34. ↑ . http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/04/12554487-milestone-in-higgs-quest-scientists-find-new-particle?lite&ocid=ansmsnbc11. 
ن • ب • و
ذرات بنیادی در فیزیک
ذرات بنیادی اولیه
فرمیون‌ها:  کوارک‌ها: u • d • s • c • b • t • لپتون‌ها: ν
e • ν
e • ν
μ • ν
μ • ν
τ • ν
τ • e- • e+ • μ- • μ+ • τ- • τ+
بوزون‌ها:  بوزون‌های تبادلگر نیرو: γ • g • W± • Z0 
دیگر:  ارواح 
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