آنگلو

آنگِلو یا اَنگِلو (Anglo) یک پیشوند است که رابطه مکان، مردم یا موضوعی را با آنگل‌ها، انگلیس، انگلستان، انگلیسی یا زبان انگلیسی نشان می‌دهد، مانند زبان انگلوساکسون یا سپهر انگلیسی. این اصطلاح اغلب به تنهایی، برای اشاره به مردم جزایر بریتانیا در آمریکا، نیوزیلند، آفریقای جنوبی و استرالیا به کار می‌رود. همچنین در هر دو گروه کشورهای انگلیسی زبان و کشورهای غیر انگلیسی زبان، برای اشاره به مردم آنگلوفون از کشورهای دیگر اروپایی هم به کار می‌رود. در کانادا برای تمایز بین فرانسوی زبانان (فرانکوفون) عمدتاً کُبِکی و برخی از مناطق نیوبرانزُویک و انگلیسی زبانان (آنگلوفون) در بقیه کانادا استفاده می شود. همچنین در ایالات متحده برای تشخیص جمعیت لاتین از اکثریت سفید پوست غیر لاتین استفاده می شود.

Anglo پیشوندی است که از لاتین متاخر گرفته شده تا به عنوان یک جاینام یا نام اهلیت به انگلیس اشاره کند. این کلمه از آنگلیا (Anglia) که نام لاتین انگلستان استمشتق شده‌است و هنوز هم [./https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia East Anglia] نام مدرن منطقه شرقی انگلیس است. Anglia و England هر دو به معنی سرزمین آنگل‌ها هستند که مردمانی با ریشهژرمن از شبه جزیره از Angeln در شمال آلمان هستند.

استفاده تخصصی[ویرایش]

آفریقا[ویرایش]

اصطلاح آنگلو-آفریقایی Anglo-African به‌طور تاریخی برای شناسایی افراد دارای نژاد آمیخته انگلیسی و آفریقایی که در ایالات متحده و آفریقا متولد می‌شوند استفاده شده‌است.^[۱]^[۲]^[۳]^[۴]

این اصطلاح همچنین از لحاظ تاریخی برای توصیف افرادی که در امپراتوری بریتانیا در آفریقا زندگی می‌کنند استفاده شده‌است.^[۵]^[۶]

استرالیا[ویرایش]

در استرالیا Anglo در اصطلاحات آنگلو-استرالیایی (Anglo-Australian( و آنگلو-سلتیک به کار می‌رود که به اکثریت استرالیایی‌ها اشاره دارد که زبان انگلیسی، اسکاتلندی، ولزی و ایرلندی صحبت می‌کنند.^[۷]

در کانادا، و به خصوص در فرانسه کانادا، اصطلاحات آنگلوفون، آنگلو-کانادایی یا به سادگی آنگلو، به‌طور گسترده برای اشاره به کسانی که زبان مادری آنها انگلیسی است، در مقابل اصطلاح فرانکوفون، که توصیف کسانی است که زبان مادری شان فرانسه است به کار می‌رود.

جستارهای وابسته[ویرایش]

آنگلوساکسون
انگلیس برمه ای
انگلو سلتیک
انگلیس هندی
انگلو ایرلندی
آنگلوسفر
انگلیفیلیا
آنگلوفوبیا
مرز انگلیس اسکاتلند
جنگ انگلو-بوئر
آنگل‌ها
آنگلو-آمریکا

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ Moses, Wilson Jeremiah (1988). The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850–1925. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-19-520639-8. A startling feature in the rhetoric of black institutional leadership on the eve of the Civil War was the popularity of the term, 'Anglo-African.' … By 1900, 'Anglo-African' had been replaced by 'Afro-American' and such variants as 'Euro-African', and 'Negro-Saxon'.
↑ Rogers, Joel Augustus (1996). World's Great Men of Color, Volume 2. New York: Touchstone. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-684-81582-4. The festival was to be given at Gloucester with Coleridge-Taylor himself conducting the three choirs. As it was advertised that the conductor was an Anglo-African, the audience expected a white man. What was its surprise to see instead a dark-skinned Negro, quick-moving, slight of build, with an enormous head of high, thick, frizzly hair, broad nostrils, flashing white teeth, and a winning smile.
↑ Lee, Christopher J (2009). "'A generous dream, but difficult to realize': the making of the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland, 1929–1940". In Mohamed Adhikari (ed.). Burdened by race: Coloured identities in southern Africa. Cape Town: UCT Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-919895-14-7. Because the area had only been colonised in the 1890s, the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland during the 1930s, for the most part, consisted of first-generation persons of 'mixed' racial descent. This is reflected in their preference of the term 'Anglo-African' over 'coloured' and 'half-caste'. Although all three were used, 'Anglo-African' had the advantage of emphasising their partial descent from colonists.
↑ Milner-Thornton, Juliette Bridgette (2012). The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-230-34018-3. At different historical junctures in Northern Rhodesia's racialized landscape, persons of mixed descent were categorized accordingly: 'half-caste,' 'Anglo-African,' 'Indo-African,' 'Euro-African, 'Eurafrican,' and 'Coloured.'
↑ "United Australia: Public opinion in England as expressed in the leading journals of the United Kingdom". Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer. 1890. Retrieved 16 July 2013. 'I do see a time when the South African colonies may be brought together into one great Anglo-African people.'
↑ Africanus (December 1918). The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference. Bern. p. 7. Retrieved 15 July 2013. Sir Harry Johnston, the former Governor General of Central British Africa said after the conquest of German East Africa in the 'Daily News': … Another well known Anglo-African and Colonial politician E. D. Morel in an article in the 'Labour Leader' entitled 'The Way Out' writes as follows: ...' Harry Johnston (1858–1927) and E. D. Morel (1873–1924) are referred to as Anglo-Africans in this publication.
↑ "1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995". Retrieved 24 June 2008.

[1] Moses, Wilson Jeremiah (1988). The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850–1925. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-19-520639-8. A startling feature in the rhetoric of black institutional leadership on the eve of the Civil War was the popularity of the term, 'Anglo-African.' … By 1900, 'Anglo-African' had been replaced by 'Afro-American' and such variants as 'Euro-African', and 'Negro-Saxon'.

[2] Rogers, Joel Augustus (1996). World's Great Men of Color, Volume 2. New York: Touchstone. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-684-81582-4. The festival was to be given at Gloucester with Coleridge-Taylor himself conducting the three choirs. As it was advertised that the conductor was an Anglo-African, the audience expected a white man. What was its surprise to see instead a dark-skinned Negro, quick-moving, slight of build, with an enormous head of high, thick, frizzly hair, broad nostrils, flashing white teeth, and a winning smile.

[3] Lee, Christopher J (2009). "'A generous dream, but difficult to realize': the making of the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland, 1929–1940". In Mohamed Adhikari (ed.). Burdened by race: Coloured identities in southern Africa. Cape Town: UCT Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-919895-14-7. Because the area had only been colonised in the 1890s, the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland during the 1930s, for the most part, consisted of first-generation persons of 'mixed' racial descent. This is reflected in their preference of the term 'Anglo-African' over 'coloured' and 'half-caste'. Although all three were used, 'Anglo-African' had the advantage of emphasising their partial descent from colonists.

[4] Milner-Thornton, Juliette Bridgette (2012). The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-230-34018-3. At different historical junctures in Northern Rhodesia's racialized landscape, persons of mixed descent were categorized accordingly: 'half-caste,' 'Anglo-African,' 'Indo-African,' 'Euro-African, 'Eurafrican,' and 'Coloured.'

[5] "United Australia: Public opinion in England as expressed in the leading journals of the United Kingdom". Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer. 1890. Retrieved 16 July 2013. 'I do see a time when the South African colonies may be brought together into one great Anglo-African people.'

[6] Africanus (December 1918). The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference. Bern. p. 7. Retrieved 15 July 2013. Sir Harry Johnston, the former Governor General of Central British Africa said after the conquest of German East Africa in the 'Daily News': … Another well known Anglo-African and Colonial politician E. D. Morel in an article in the 'Labour Leader' entitled 'The Way Out' writes as follows: ...' Harry Johnston (1858–1927) and E. D. Morel (1873–1924) are referred to as Anglo-Africans in this publication.

[7] "1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995". Retrieved 24 June 2008.

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