گالاکتین-۹

LGALS9
ساختارهای موجود
PDB	جستجوی یونی‌پروت انسان: PDBe RCSB
فهرست شناسه‌های PDB
	2EAK, 2EAL, 2YY1, 2ZHK, 2ZHL, 2ZHM, 2ZHN, 3LSD, 3LSE, 3NV1, 3NV2, 3NV3, 3NV4, 3WLU, 3WV6
معین‌کننده‌ها
نام‌های دیگر	LGALS9, HUAT, LGALS9A, galectin 9
شناسه‌های بیرونی	OMIM: 601879 HomoloGene: 32078 GeneCards: LGALS9
الگوی گسترش RNA
	More reference expression data
هستی‌شناسی ژن
عملکرد ملکولی	• galactose binding; • signal transducer activity; • enzyme binding; • disaccharide binding; • carbohydrate binding;
ترکیبات سلولی	• intracellular anatomical structure; • extracellular region; • extracellular exosome; • سیتوپلاسم; • هسته یاخته; • extracellular space; • سیتوزول;
فرایند زیستی	• negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; • response to interleukin-1; • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; • maternal process involved in female pregnancy; • positive regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell; • immune system process; • positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • female pregnancy; • positive regulation of viral entry into host cell; • positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production; • natural killer cell tolerance induction; • negative regulation of chemokine production; • regulation of interleukin-5 production; • toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; • negative regulation of mast cell degranulation; • negative regulation of gene expression; • positive regulation of interleukin-4 production; • کموتاکسی; • negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation; • regulation of interleukin-4 production; • response to lipopolysaccharide; • GO:1901313 positive regulation of gene expression; • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity; • positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • cellular response to interferon-gamma; • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • p38MAPK cascade; • negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production; • negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; • positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation; • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; • positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation involved in immune response; • inflammatory response; • regulation of p38MAPK cascade; • mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation; • positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis; • positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death;
	منابع: آمیگو / کوئیک‌گو
هم‌ساخت‌شناسی
	3965
	ن/م
	ENSG00000168961
	ن/م
	O00182
	ن/م
	NM_002308، NM_009587، NR_024043، XM_006721892، XM_006721893، XM_006721895، NM_001330163 XM_011524796، NM_002308، NM_009587، NR_024043، XM_006721892، XM_006721893، XM_006721895، NM_001330163
	ن/م
	NP_002299، NP_033665، XP_006721955، XP_006721956، XP_006721958، XP_011523098، XP_016880112 NP_001317092، NP_002299، NP_033665، XP_006721955، XP_006721956، XP_006721958، XP_011523098، XP_016880112
	ن/م
	ویکی‌داده
مشاهده/ویرایش انسان

گالاکتین-۹ (انگلیسی: Galectin-9) یک پروتئین است که در انسان توسط ژن «LGALS9» کُدگذاری می‌شود.^[۲]^[۳] این پروتئین نخستین بار در سال ۱۹۹۷ در کلیهٔ رویان موش کشف شد.^[۴]

اهمیت بالینی[ویرایش]

بیان گالکتین-۹ در بدخیمی‌های خونی مختلف چون لوسمی مزمن لنفاوی،^[۵] سندرم میلودیسپلاستیک،^[۶] لنفوم هاجکین و غیرهاجکین،^[۷] لوسمی حاد مغز استخوان^[۸] و برخی سرطان‌های غیر خونی همچون سرطان ریه،^[۹] سرطان پستان^[۱۰] و کارسینوم هپاتوسلولار^[۱۱] مشاهده شده‌است.

گالکتین-۹ همچنین از طریق تعامل با AMPK^[۱۲]^[۱۳] در برخی فرایندهای حیاتی همچون سوخت‌وساز، چاقی، دیابت، سرطان و پاسخ‌های ایمنی نفش دارد و احتمال دارد بخشی از مکانیسم اثر داروی ضد دیابت متفورمین باشد.^[۱۳]

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Türeci O, Schmitt H, Fadle N, Pfreundschuh M, Sahin U (March 1997). "Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (10): 6416–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6416. PMID 9045665.
↑ "Entrez Gene: LGALS9 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (galectin 9)".
↑ Wada J, Kanwar YS (February 1997). "Identification and characterization of galectin-9, a novel beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (9): 6078–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.9.6078. PMID 9038233.
↑ Taghiloo S, Allahmoradi E, Ebadi R, Tehrani M, Hosseini-Khah Z, Janbabaei G, Shekarriz R, Asgarian-Omran H (August 2017). "Upregulation of Galectin-9 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints Molecules in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (8): 2269–2274. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.8.2269. PMC 5697491. PMID 28843266.
↑ Asayama T, Tamura H, Ishibashi M, Kuribayashi-Hamada Y, Onodera-Kondo A, Okuyama N, Yamada A, Shimizu M, Moriya K, Takahashi H, Inokuchi K (October 2017). "Functional expression of Tim-3 on blasts and clinical impact of its ligand galectin-9 in myelodysplastic syndromes". Oncotarget. 8 (51): 88904–88917. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21492. PMC 5687656. PMID 29179486.
↑ Makishi S, Okudaira T, Ishikawa C, Sawada S, Watanabe T, Hirashima M, Sunakawa H, Mori N (August 2008). "A modified version of galectin-9 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of Burkitt and Hodgkin lymphoma cells". British Journal of Haematology. 142 (4): 583–94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07229.x. PMID 18503581. S2CID 205264381.
↑ Gonçalves Silva I, Yasinska IM, Sakhnevych SS, Fiedler W, Wellbrock J, Bardelli M, Varani L, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Ceccone G, Berger SM, Ushkaryov YA, Gibbs BF, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV (August 2017). "The Tim-3-galectin-9 Secretory Pathway is Involved in the Immune Escape of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells". EBioMedicine. 22: 44–57. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.018. PMC 5552242. PMID 28750861.
↑ Gao J, Qiu X, Li X, Fan H, Zhang F, Lv T, Song Y (February 2018). "Expression profiles and clinical value of plasma exosomal Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in non-small cell lung cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 498 (3): 409–415. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.114. PMID 29452091.
↑ Irie A, Yamauchi A, Kontani K, Kihara M, Liu D, Shirato Y, Seki M, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Yokomise H, Hirashima M (April 2005). "Galectin-9 as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in breast cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (8): 2962–8. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0861. PMID 15837748.
↑ Zhang ZY, Dong JH, Chen YW, Wang XQ, Li CH, Wang J, Wang GQ, Li HL, Wang XD (2012). "Galectin-9 acts as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 13 (6): 2503–9. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2503. PMID 22938412.
↑ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Jia_2018 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
↑ ^۱۳٫۰ ^۱۳٫۱ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Jia_2020 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Galectin-9». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۱۶ اکتبر ۲۰۲۲.

برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر[ویرایش]

Hirashima M, Kashio Y, Nishi N, Yamauchi A, Imaizumi TA, Kageshita T, Saita N, Nakamura T (2004). "Galectin-9 in physiological and pathological conditions". Glycoconjugate Journal. 19 (7–9): 593–600. doi:10.1023/B:GLYC.0000014090.63206.2f. PMID 14758084. S2CID 11006101.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Matsumoto R, Matsumoto H, Seki M, Hata M, Asano Y, Kanegasaki S, Stevens RL, Hirashima M (July 1998). "Human ecalectin, a variant of human galectin-9, is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant produced by T lymphocytes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (27): 16976–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.27.16976. PMID 9642261.
Matsumoto R, Hirashima M, Kita H, Gleich GJ (February 2002). "Biological activities of ecalectin: a novel eosinophil-activating factor". Journal of Immunology. 168 (4): 1961–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.4.1961. PMID 11823532.
Kageshita T, Kashio Y, Yamauchi A, Seki M, Abedin MJ, Nishi N, Shoji H, Nakamura T, Ono T, Hirashima M (June 2002). "Possible role of galectin-9 in cell aggregation and apoptosis of human melanoma cell lines and its clinical significance". International Journal of Cancer. 99 (6): 809–16. doi:10.1002/ijc.10436. PMID 12115481. S2CID 205934076.
Imaizumi T, Kumagai M, Sasaki N, Kurotaki H, Mori F, Seki M, Nishi N, Fujimoto K, Tanji K, Shibata T, Tamo W, Matsumiya T, Yoshida H, Cui XF, Takanashi S, Hanada K, Okumura K, Yagihashi S, Wakabayashi K, Nakamura T, Hirashima M, Satoh K (September 2002). "Interferon-gamma stimulates the expression of galectin-9 in cultured human endothelial cells". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 72 (3): 486–91. PMID 12223516.
Asakura H, Kashio Y, Nakamura K, Seki M, Dai S, Shirato Y, Abedin MJ, Yoshida N, Nishi N, Imaizumi T, Saita N, Toyama Y, Takashima H, Nakamura T, Ohkawa M, Hirashima M (November 2002). "Selective eosinophil adhesion to fibroblast via IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9". Journal of Immunology. 169 (10): 5912–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5912. PMID 12421975.
Kashio Y, Nakamura K, Abedin MJ, Seki M, Nishi N, Yoshida N, Nakamura T, Hirashima M (April 2003). "Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway". Journal of Immunology. 170 (7): 3631–6. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3631. PMID 12646627.
Abedin MJ, Kashio Y, Seki M, Nakamura K, Hirashima M (May 2003). "Potential roles of galectins in myeloid differentiation into three different lineages". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 73 (5): 650–6. doi:10.1189/jlb.0402163. PMID 12714580. S2CID 21337581.
Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G, Muramatsu S, Matsuzaki O, Nagano Y, Doi T, Shimotohno K, Harada T, Nishida E, Hayashi H, Sugano S (May 2003). "Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways". Oncogene. 22 (21): 3307–18. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206406. PMID 12761501.
Irie A, Yamauchi A, Kontani K, Kihara M, Liu D, Shirato Y, Seki M, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Yokomise H, Hirashima M (April 2005). "Galectin-9 as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in breast cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (8): 2962–8. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0861. PMID 15837748.
Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Nakashima D, Koike H, Shiiba M, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Tanzawa H (August 2005). "Galectin-9 as a regulator of cellular adhesion in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 16 (2): 269–73. doi:10.3892/ijmm.16.2.269. PMID 16012760.
Dai SY, Nakagawa R, Itoh A, Murakami H, Kashio Y, Abe H, Katoh S, Kontani K, Kihara M, Zhang SL, Hata T, Nakamura T, Yamauchi A, Hirashima M (September 2005). "Galectin-9 induces maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells". Journal of Immunology. 175 (5): 2974–81. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2974. PMID 16116184.
Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, Xiong H, Imitola J, Khoury SJ, Zheng XX, Strom TB, Kuchroo VK (December 2005). "The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity". Nature Immunology. 6 (12): 1245–52. doi:10.1038/ni1271. PMID 16286920. S2CID 24886582.
van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, Bonventre JV, Walz G, Kuehn EW (December 2006). "A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 351 (2): 571–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079. PMID 17069754.

پیوند به بیرون[ویرایش]

خلاصه‌ای از اطلاعات ساختاری موجود در بانک داده پروتئین برای یونی‌پروت: O00182 (Galectin-9) در PDBe-KB.

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9045665-2] Türeci O, Schmitt H, Fadle N, Pfreundschuh M, Sahin U (March 1997). "Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (10): 6416–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6416. PMID 9045665.

[entrez-3] "Entrez Gene: LGALS9 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9 (galectin 9)".

[4] Wada J, Kanwar YS (February 1997). "Identification and characterization of galectin-9, a novel beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (9): 6078–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.9.6078. PMID 9038233.

[5] Taghiloo S, Allahmoradi E, Ebadi R, Tehrani M, Hosseini-Khah Z, Janbabaei G, Shekarriz R, Asgarian-Omran H (August 2017). "Upregulation of Galectin-9 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoints Molecules in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 18 (8): 2269–2274. doi:10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.8.2269. PMC 5697491. PMID 28843266.

[6] Asayama T, Tamura H, Ishibashi M, Kuribayashi-Hamada Y, Onodera-Kondo A, Okuyama N, Yamada A, Shimizu M, Moriya K, Takahashi H, Inokuchi K (October 2017). "Functional expression of Tim-3 on blasts and clinical impact of its ligand galectin-9 in myelodysplastic syndromes". Oncotarget. 8 (51): 88904–88917. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21492. PMC 5687656. PMID 29179486.

[7] Makishi S, Okudaira T, Ishikawa C, Sawada S, Watanabe T, Hirashima M, Sunakawa H, Mori N (August 2008). "A modified version of galectin-9 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of Burkitt and Hodgkin lymphoma cells". British Journal of Haematology. 142 (4): 583–94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07229.x. PMID 18503581. S2CID 205264381.

[Gonçalves_2017-8] Gonçalves Silva I, Yasinska IM, Sakhnevych SS, Fiedler W, Wellbrock J, Bardelli M, Varani L, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Ceccone G, Berger SM, Ushkaryov YA, Gibbs BF, Fasler-Kan E, Sumbayev VV (August 2017). "The Tim-3-galectin-9 Secretory Pathway is Involved in the Immune Escape of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells". EBioMedicine. 22: 44–57. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.018. PMC 5552242. PMID 28750861.

[9] Gao J, Qiu X, Li X, Fan H, Zhang F, Lv T, Song Y (February 2018). "Expression profiles and clinical value of plasma exosomal Tim-3 and Galectin-9 in non-small cell lung cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 498 (3): 409–415. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.114. PMID 29452091.

[10] Irie A, Yamauchi A, Kontani K, Kihara M, Liu D, Shirato Y, Seki M, Nishi N, Nakamura T, Yokomise H, Hirashima M (April 2005). "Galectin-9 as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in breast cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 11 (8): 2962–8. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0861. PMID 15837748.

[ReferenceA-11] Zhang ZY, Dong JH, Chen YW, Wang XQ, Li CH, Wang J, Wang GQ, Li HL, Wang XD (2012). "Galectin-9 acts as a prognostic factor with antimetastatic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma". Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 13 (6): 2503–9. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2503. PMID 22938412.

[Jia_2018-12] خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Jia_2018 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).

[Jia_2020-13] ۱۳٫۰ ^۱۳٫۱ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Jia_2020 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).

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