نبرد موهی

نبرد موهی
	بخشی از First Mongol invasion of Hungary
تاریخ	11 April 1241
موقعیت	Sajó رود، نزدیک موهی، مجارستان۴۷°۵۸′۴۰″ شمالی ۲۰°۵۴′۴۷″ شرقی / ۴۷٫۹۷۷۷۸°شمالی ۲۰٫۹۱۳۰۶°شرقی
نتایج	پیروزی مغول
طرف‌های درگیر
پادشاهی مجارستان; کرواسی در اتحاد با مجارستان; شوالیه‌های معبد جنگ‌طلب جزئی:; دوک‌نشین اتریش	امپراتوری مغول
فرماندهان و رهبران
بلای چهارم; Coloman of Slavonia (کبج); Ugrin Csák †; Matthias Rátót †; Frederick II of Austria; Denis Tomaj †; Rembald de Voczon	باتوخان; سبتای; Shiban; برکه خان; Boroldai; Bakatu †
واحدهای درگیر
پیاده‌نظام; شوالیه‌های معبد; کمان زنبورکیmen; سواره‌نظام سبک	سوار کماندار; نیزه‌دار; منگونل; Possibly Chinese firearm units and other gunpowder units
قوا
80,000; 50,000; 25,000	~15,000–30,000 cavalry (contemporary sources); Other estimations:; 70,000; 50,000; 20,000 At least seven سنگ‌افکن
تلفات و خسارات
~10,000 (contemporary sources); Most of the army	Few hundreds; Very heavy
	موقعیت در مجارستان

نبرد موهی (انگلیسی: Battle of Mohi) نبرد اصلی بین امپراتوری مغول و پادشاهی مجارستان در طول تهاجم مغول‌ها به اروپا بود. این نبرد در موهی، در جنوب غربی رودخانه ساجو رخ داد. این نبرد منجر به پیروزی مغول‌ها شد که ارتش سلطنتی مجارستان را نابود کردند.

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ The Mongols in the West, Denis Sinor, Journal of Asian History, Vol. 33, No. 1 (1999), page 15; "... on April 11, Batu's forces executed a night attack on the Hungarian camp, inflicting terrible losses on its trapped defenders … While the outcome of the encounter is beyond dispute—some call it a massacre rather than a battle—historians disagree on their assessments of Béla's apparent ineptitude. Of course the Hungarians could have done better; but it is beyond doubt that no "ad hoc", feudal type force could have matched the well disciplined, highly trained, professional soldiers of the Mongol army. A seldom considered measure of the efficacy of the Hungarian resistance is the size of the losses sustained by the attackers. These were very heavy."
↑ Sverdrup, Carl (2010). "Numbers in Mongol Warfare". Journal of Medieval Military History. Boydell Press. 8: 109–17 [p. 115]. ISBN 978-1-84383-596-7. The Mongols probably had a nominal force of at least 30,000 men, with the personal units of Batu and Sube'etei forming the core of the army.
↑ Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Sverdrup, p. 115, citing Kosztolnyik.
↑ Markó, László (2000), Great Honours of the Hungarian State, Budapest: Magyar Könyvklub, ISBN 963-547-085-1
↑ Liptai, Ervin (1985), Military History of Hungary, Budapest: Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó, ISBN 963-326-337-9
↑ Frank McLynn, Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, (Da Capo Press, 2015), p. 469: "The older authorities used to give statistics of 70,000 Hungarians and 40,000 Mongols but it seems likely that these numbers are too high; modern historians tend to opt for about 20,000 Mongols versus 25,000 Hungarians, but certainty is impossible."
↑ Sverdrup, pp. 114–115, citing Rashid al-Din's chronicles, 1:198, 2:152. Rashid Al-Din's figures give Batu and Subutai about 40,000 horsemen total when they invaded Central Europe in 1241 (including Turkic auxiliaries recruited since the conquest of Rus), divided into five columns (three in Hungary, one in Transylvania, and one in Poland). He proceeds to say that while the nominal total of the Mongol force in Hungary was 30,000, the effective total on the field at Mohi would have been between that number and 15,000, close to the latter.
↑ Carey states on p. 128 that Batu had 40,000 in the main body and ordered Subotai to take 30,000 troops in an encircling maneuver. Batu commanded the central prong of the Mongols' three-pronged assault on eastern Europe. This number seems correct when compared with the numbers reported at the Battles of نبرد لگنیکا to the North and Hermannstadt (سیبیو) to the South. All three victories occurred in the same week.
↑ McLynn, p. 469
↑ Sverdrup, p. 115
↑ Thomas of Spalato, Historia, 163;
↑ McLynn, p. 473
↑ John France, Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power, (Yale University Press, 2011), 144.
↑ خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Tucker279 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).
↑ The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Vol. II, ed. Timothy May, (ABC-CLIO, 2017), 103.

مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Battle of Mohi». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۲۷ آوریل ۲۰۲۳.

پیوند به بیرون[ویرایش]

[Sinor,_p._15-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ The Mongols in the West, Denis Sinor, Journal of Asian History, Vol. 33, No. 1 (1999), page 15; "... on April 11, Batu's forces executed a night attack on the Hungarian camp, inflicting terrible losses on its trapped defenders … While the outcome of the encounter is beyond dispute—some call it a massacre rather than a battle—historians disagree on their assessments of Béla's apparent ineptitude. Of course the Hungarians could have done better; but it is beyond doubt that no "ad hoc", feudal type force could have matched the well disciplined, highly trained, professional soldiers of the Mongol army. A seldom considered measure of the efficacy of the Hungarian resistance is the size of the losses sustained by the attackers. These were very heavy."

[2] Sverdrup, Carl (2010). "Numbers in Mongol Warfare". Journal of Medieval Military History. Boydell Press. 8: 109–17 [p. 115]. ISBN 978-1-84383-596-7. The Mongols probably had a nominal force of at least 30,000 men, with the personal units of Batu and Sube'etei forming the core of the army.

[3] Carey, Brian Todd, p. 124

[Sverdrup_p._115-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ Sverdrup, p. 115, citing Kosztolnyik.

[Markó_2000-5] Markó, László (2000), Great Honours of the Hungarian State, Budapest: Magyar Könyvklub, ISBN 963-547-085-1

[Liptai_1985-6] Liptai, Ervin (1985), Military History of Hungary, Budapest: Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó, ISBN 963-326-337-9

[7] Frank McLynn, Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy, (Da Capo Press, 2015), p. 469: "The older authorities used to give statistics of 70,000 Hungarians and 40,000 Mongols but it seems likely that these numbers are too high; modern historians tend to opt for about 20,000 Mongols versus 25,000 Hungarians, but certainty is impossible."

[8] Sverdrup, pp. 114–115, citing Rashid al-Din's chronicles, 1:198, 2:152. Rashid Al-Din's figures give Batu and Subutai about 40,000 horsemen total when they invaded Central Europe in 1241 (including Turkic auxiliaries recruited since the conquest of Rus), divided into five columns (three in Hungary, one in Transylvania, and one in Poland). He proceeds to say that while the nominal total of the Mongol force in Hungary was 30,000, the effective total on the field at Mohi would have been between that number and 15,000, close to the latter.

[9] Carey states on p. 128 that Batu had 40,000 in the main body and ordered Subotai to take 30,000 troops in an encircling maneuver. Batu commanded the central prong of the Mongols' three-pronged assault on eastern Europe. This number seems correct when compared with the numbers reported at the Battles of نبرد لگنیکا to the North and Hermannstadt (سیبیو) to the South. All three victories occurred in the same week.

[10] McLynn, p. 469

[Sverdrup,_p._115-11] Sverdrup, p. 115

[12] Thomas of Spalato, Historia, 163;

[13] McLynn, p. 473

[14] John France, Perilous Glory: The Rise of Western Military Power, (Yale University Press, 2011), 144.

[Tucker279-15] خطای یادکرد: خطای یادکرد:برچسب <ref>‎ غیرمجاز؛ متنی برای یادکردهای با نام Tucker279 وارد نشده است. (صفحهٔ راهنما را مطالعه کنید.).

[16] The Mongol Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia, Vol. II, ed. Timothy May, (ABC-CLIO, 2017), 103.

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