مایکل آر کلیفورد

مایکل آر کلیفورد
مایکل آر کلیفورد
زادهٔ	۱۳ اکتبر ۱۹۵۲ ‏(۷۱ سال); پایگاه نیروی هوایی نورتون، کالیفرنیا
وضعیت پیدایی	بازنشسته
درگذشت	۲۸ دسامبر سال ۲۰۲۱
ملیت	ایالات متحده آمریکا
پیشه	خلبان پرواز آزمایشی
	پیشه فضانوردی
فضانورد ناسا
درجه	سرهنگ دوم (ایالات متحده)، نیروی زمینی ایالات متحده آمریکا
مدت سفر فضایی	۲۷روز و ۱۸ساعت و ۲۷ دقیقه
تاریخ گزینش	گروه فضانوردان ۱۹۹۰ ناسا
ماموریت(ها)	اس‌تی‌اس-۵۳، اس‌تی‌اس-۵۹، اس‌تی‌اس-۷۶
نشان ماموریت

مایکل آر کلیفورد (با نام کامل مایکل ریچ کلیفورد) (به انگلیسی: Michael R. Clifford) فضانورد اهل کشور ایالات متحده آمریکا بود که در ۱۳ اکتبر ۱۹۵۲ میلادی در سن برناردینو، کالیفرنیا زاده شد. وی در مأموریت اس‌تی‌اس-۵۳، اس‌تی‌اس-۵۹، اس‌تی‌اس-۷۶ حضور داشت. او در روز ۲۸ دسامبر سال ۲۰۲۱ در پی عوارض ناشی از بیماری پارکینسون و در سن ۶۹ سالگی درگذشت.^[۱]

دوران جوانی و تحصیلات[ویرایش]

او در ۱۳ اکتبر ۱۹۵۲ در سن برناردینو، کالیفرنیا متولد شد،^[۱] مادرش دوبار ازدواج کرد، در بار دوم با گوردون کلیفورد ازدواج نمود.^[۲]^[۳] مایکل ریچ کلیفورد در ۱۹۷۰ از دبیرستان بن لوموند در اودن، یوتا فارغ‌التحصیل شد.^[۴]^[۵] او پیشاهنگ درجه یک در پیشاهنگی پسران آمریکا بود.^[۶] مایکل در جوانی در یک پمپ بنزین مشغول به کار شد و با استفاده از چربی‌گیرها موتور ماشین‌ها را شستشوی می‌داد، وی همچنین در یک مزرعه کار کرد.^[۷]

کلیفورد مدرک لیسانس علوم خود را از آکادمی نظامی ایالات متحده (USMA) در وست پوینت، نیویورک،^[۸] در ۱۹۷۴ و مدرک کارشناسی ارشد علوم در مهندسی هوافضا خود را از مؤسسه فناوری جورجیا در ۱۹۸۲ دریافت کرد.^[۹]^[۱]

جستارهای وابسته[ویرایش]

فهرست فضانوردان

منابع[ویرایش]

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ Pearlman, Robert Z. (December 29, 2021). "Rich Clifford, NASA astronaut who secretly flew with Parkinson's, dies at 69". Space.com. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
↑ "Lenore Chaffin Uram Clifford". Intermountain Catholic. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2021.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: url-status (link)
↑ Evans, Ben (December 29, 2021). "Former Astronaut Rich Clifford Dies, Aged 69". America Space. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
↑ "FORMER OGDEN MAN BECOMES ASTRONAUT". Deseret News. August 4, 1991. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Army Maj. Michael R.U. Clifford, 40, was among seven pilots and 16 mission specialists who completed their yearlong astronaut training … Clifford is a 1970 graduate of Ben Lomond High School, Ogden. … He applied three time for NASA's training programs before he was selected.
↑ "History - Ogden City School District". ogdensd.org. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Noteworthy graduates of Ben Lomond High School include NASA astronaut Michael Richard Clifford, ...
↑ "Astronauts and the BSA". Fact sheet. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2006.
↑ Brody, Jane E. (July 20, 2020). "The Link Between Parkinson's Disease and Toxic Chemicals". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2022. As a youngster, Mr. Clifford said, he worked in a gas station using degreasers to clean car engines. He also worked on a farm where he used pesticides and in fields where DDT was sprayed. Then, as an aviator, he cleaned engines readying them for test flights. But at none of these jobs was he protected from exposure to hazardous chemicals that are readily inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Now Mr. Clifford, a lifelong nonsmoker, believes that his close contact with these various substances explains why he developed Parkinson's disease at such a young age. Several of the chemicals have strong links to Parkinson's, and a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to them may very well account for the dramatic rise in the diagnosis of Parkinson's in recent decades.
↑ "MICHAEL R. CLIFFORD 1974". westpointaog.org. West Point Association of Graduates. December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
↑ Maderer, Jason (October 17, 2016). "Space Man". news.gatech.edu. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Here's a look at more Yellow Jackets who have flown in space: … Michael Richard "Rich" Clifford (born October 13, 1952), is a former United States Army officer and retired NASA astronaut... He earned a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1982. ...

پیوند به بیرون[ویرایش]

[Space.com-Obit-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ ^۱٫۲ Pearlman, Robert Z. (December 29, 2021). "Rich Clifford, NASA astronaut who secretly flew with Parkinson's, dies at 69". Space.com. Retrieved January 1, 2022.

[2] "Lenore Chaffin Uram Clifford". Intermountain Catholic. December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2021.{{cite web}}: نگهداری CS1: url-status (link)

[AmericaSpace-3] Evans, Ben (December 29, 2021). "Former Astronaut Rich Clifford Dies, Aged 69". America Space. Retrieved December 30, 2021.

[4] "FORMER OGDEN MAN BECOMES ASTRONAUT". Deseret News. August 4, 1991. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Army Maj. Michael R.U. Clifford, 40, was among seven pilots and 16 mission specialists who completed their yearlong astronaut training … Clifford is a 1970 graduate of Ben Lomond High School, Ogden. … He applied three time for NASA's training programs before he was selected.

[OgdenSD-5] "History - Ogden City School District". ogdensd.org. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Noteworthy graduates of Ben Lomond High School include NASA astronaut Michael Richard Clifford, ...

[astro-bsa-6] "Astronauts and the BSA". Fact sheet. Boy Scouts of America. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved March 20, 2006.

[NYT20200720-7] Brody, Jane E. (July 20, 2020). "The Link Between Parkinson's Disease and Toxic Chemicals". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2022. As a youngster, Mr. Clifford said, he worked in a gas station using degreasers to clean car engines. He also worked on a farm where he used pesticides and in fields where DDT was sprayed. Then, as an aviator, he cleaned engines readying them for test flights. But at none of these jobs was he protected from exposure to hazardous chemicals that are readily inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Now Mr. Clifford, a lifelong nonsmoker, believes that his close contact with these various substances explains why he developed Parkinson's disease at such a young age. Several of the chemicals have strong links to Parkinson's, and a growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to them may very well account for the dramatic rise in the diagnosis of Parkinson's in recent decades.

[8] "MICHAEL R. CLIFFORD 1974". westpointaog.org. West Point Association of Graduates. December 28, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2022.

[gatech2016-9] Maderer, Jason (October 17, 2016). "Space Man". news.gatech.edu. Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved January 1, 2022. Here's a look at more Yellow Jackets who have flown in space: … Michael Richard "Rich" Clifford (born October 13, 1952), is a former United States Army officer and retired NASA astronaut... He earned a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering in 1982. ...

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

[۸]

[۹]