گوشتخوارریختان: تفاوت میان نسخهها
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'''گوشتخوارریختان''' ({{lang-en|Carnivoramorpha}}) [[کلاد]]ی از [[پستانداران]] است. |
'''گوشتخوارریختان''' ({{lang-en|Carnivoramorpha}}) [[کلاد]]ی از [[پستانداران]] است. |
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===درخت فیلوژنتیک=== |
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روابط فیلوژنتیک گوشتخوارریختان در کلادوگرام زیر نشان داده شده است:<ref name = Bryant2004>Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706090739/http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/IPNM.pdf “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.”] ''First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting''. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle</ref><ref name = asdff>{{cite book |author1=John J. Flynn |author2=John A. Finarelli |author3=Michelle Spaulding |year=2010 |chapter=Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations |editor1=Anjali Goswami |editor2=Anthony Friscia |title=Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |pages=25–63 |isbn=9781139193436 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003}}</ref><ref name="Dawsonicyon">{{Cite journal |author1=Michelle Spaulding |author2=John J. Flynn |author3=Richard K. Stucky |year=2010 |title=A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the ‘Bridger B’ (Black’s Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=815–832 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x}}</ref><ref name=Lycophocyon>{{cite journal |author=Susumu Tomiya |year=2011 |title=A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=6 |issue=9 |page=e24146 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024146 |pmid=21935380 |pmc=3173397}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2014">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Richard |last3=Coillot |first3=Tiphaine |last4=de Bast |first4=Eric |last5=Smith |first5=Thierry |title=Dental and tarsal anatomy of ''Miacis latouri'' and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=1–21 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.793195}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2016">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Thierry |last3=De Bast |first3=Eric |last4=Codrea |first4=Vlad |last5=Gheerbrant |first5=Emmanuel |title=New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=e1082480 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480}}</ref> |
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{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%; |
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|label1= '''[[نارامزیان]]''' |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness2=2 |
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|1={{clade |
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|1='''{{پم|پولکپوستریختان|Pholidotamorpha}}''' [[File:FMIB_46859_Pangolin_a_grosse_queue_white_background.jpeg|50px]] |
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|2=†'''[[گوشتدندانسانان]]''' [[File:Hyaenodon_horridus_by_R._B._Horsfall_(coloured).jpg|50px]] |
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}} |
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|label2= '''گوشتخوارریختان''' |sublabel2= {{small|('''Carnivora''' ''sensu lato'')}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |label1= †'''[[Viverravidae|Viverravoidea]]''' |
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|1=†'''[[Viverravidae]]''' |
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|label2= '''?''' |state2=dashed |
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|2=†''[[Ravenictis]]'' |
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|label3= '''Carnivoraformes''' |
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|3={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |caption={{legend|blue|†'''[[Miacidae]]''' [[File:Miacis restoration.jpg|50px]]|outline=black}} |captionstyle=text-align:left;font-weight:bold;padding:2px 10px 1px 1px; |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Neovulpavus]]'' |
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|2=†''"Miacis" medius'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[سگ دورمال]]'' |
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|2=†''"Miacis" exiguus'' |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Vassacyon]]'' |
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|2=†''[[Vulpavus]]'' |
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}} }} |
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|2=†''"Miacis" deutschi'' |
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}} |
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|label2= †'''''Uintacyon''''' |sublabel2= ''sensu lato'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Miocyon]]'' |
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|label2= '''?''' |state2=dotted |
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|2=†''[[Simamphicyon]]'' |
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|3=†[[Uintacyon|''Uintacyon'' {{small|(''sensu stricto'')}}]] |
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}} |
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|3=†''[[Dawsonicyon]]'' |
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|4=†''[[Miacis]]'' |
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|5=†''miacid'' sp. (''PM 3868'') |
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|label6= '''?''' |state6=dotted |
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|6=†''[[Eosictis]]'' |
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|7=†''"Miacis" petilus'' |
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|8=†''"Miacis" latidens'' |
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|label9= '''?''' |state9=dotted |
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|9=†''[[Eogale]]'' |
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|label10= '''?''' |state10=dotted |
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|10=†''[[Chailicyon]]'' |
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|11={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |label1= '''?''' |state1=dotted |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Paroodectes]]'' |
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|label2= '''?''' |state2=dotted |
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|2=†''[[Paramiacis]]'' |
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|3={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Gracilocyon]]'' |
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|2=†''[[Oodectes]]'' |
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}} }} }} |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Prodaphaenus]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |color2=black |color3=black |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Procynodictis]]'' |
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|2=†''[[Harpalodon]]'' |
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}} |
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|2=†''[[Ceruttia]]'' |
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|3=†''[[Walshius]]'' |
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|4={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Tapocyon]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |color2=black |
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|1={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |color=blue |
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|1=†''[[Quercygale]]'' |
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|label2= '''?''' |state2=dotted |
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|2=†''[[Messelogale]]'' |
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}} |
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|label2= '''[[گوشتخوارسانان]]''' |sublabel2= ''sensu stricto'' |
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|2={{clade |
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|thickness=2 |
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|1='''[[گربهسانان]]''' [[File:Stamp-russia2014-save-russian-cats-(snow_leopard).png|50px]] |
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|2='''[[سگواران]]''' [[File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg|50px]] |
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}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
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== منابع == |
== منابع == |
نسخهٔ ۶ مارس ۲۰۲۰، ساعت ۰۹:۳۰
گوشتخوارریختان | |
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![]() | |
ردهبندی علمی ![]() | |
فرمانرو: | جانوران |
شاخه: | طنابداران |
رده: | پستانداران |
(طبقهبندینشده): | نارامزیان |
(طبقهبندینشده): | گوشتخوارریختان |
Subgroups | |
گوشتخوارریختان (انگلیسی: Carnivoramorpha) کلادی از پستانداران است.
درخت فیلوژنتیک
روابط فیلوژنتیک گوشتخوارریختان در کلادوگرام زیر نشان داده شده است:[۱][۲][۳][۴][۵][۶]
نارامزیان |
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منابع
- ↑ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
- ↑ John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
- ↑ Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815–832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x.
- ↑ Susumu Tomiya (2011). "A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans". PLoS ONE. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. PMC 3173397. PMID 21935380.
- ↑ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ↑ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.
- مشارکتکنندگان ویکیپدیا. «Carnivoramorpha». در دانشنامهٔ ویکیپدیای انگلیسی، بازبینیشده در ۱ آوریل ۲۰۱۸.