مستعین (قاهره)

نام کامل
	ابوالفضل عباس;

مستعین بالله
مستعین بالله
سلطان مصر (۱۴۱۲); خلیفه اسلام (۱۴۰۶–۱۴۱۴)
حکومت	۱۴۱۲ (سلطنت مملوک); ۱۴۰۶–۱۴۱۴ (خلیفه عباسی)
پیشین	ناصرالدین فرج (سلطان مملوک); متوکل اول (خلیفه عباسی)
جانشین	شیخ المؤید (سلطان مملوک); معتضد دوم (خلیفه عباسی)
زاده	۱۳۹۰
درگذشته	۱۴۳۰
فرزند(ان)	متوکل دوم;
نام کامل
نام کامل
	ابوالفضل عباس;
پدر	متوکل اول;
مادر	بای خاتون;

مستعین (عربی: المستعین بالله) (ح. ۱۳۹۰ – فوریه یا مارس ۱۴۳۰)^[۱]یکی از ده‌ها خلیفه «در سایه» عباسی در قاهره بود که تحت قیمومیت از سلاطین مملوک از ۱۴۰۶ تا ۱۴۱۴ در خلافت بود. او تنها خلیفه از نوع خود بود که مدتی قدرت اجرایی داشته و حاکم مصر نامیده شد؛^[۲]^[۳] البته فقط برای شش ماه در ۱۴۱۲. پیش از او هیچ‌یک از خلفای قاهری عباسیان چنین قدرتی نداشتند و همگی اسماً خلیفه بودند.^[۴]

منابع

↑ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1993). "Al-Musta'in (II)". The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. Vol. Volume VII (Mif – Naz) (2nd ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 723. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
↑ King, Joan Wucher (1989) [First published 1984]. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Books of Lasting Value. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-977-424-213-7.
↑ Arnold, T. W. (1993). "Khalifa". E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Vol. Volume IV (ʿItḳ – Kwaṭṭa) (Reprinted 1st ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 883. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2. Retrieved 2010-10-15. But not a single one of them (with the exception of Musta'in, who was made the plaything of rival political factions in 1412 and for six months was styled Sultan) ever exercised any function of government or enjoyed any political power. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
↑ Singh, Nagendra Kumar, ed. (2002). International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. p. 199. ISBN 978-81-261-0403-1. These Caliphs were the spiritual heads only. All temporal authority lay with the Mamluk Sultans. [...] In 1412 C.E. the Caliph Al Mustain captured temporal power as well, but he could not hold such power for more than six months. The Caliphs who followed him had to remain content as spiritual heads only.

جستارهای وابسته

Garcin, Jean-Claude (1967). "Histoire, opposition, politique et piétisme traditionaliste dans le Ḥusn al Muḥādarat de Suyûti" [History, opposition, politics and traditionalistic pietism in Suyuti's Ḥusn al Muḥādarat] (PDF). Annales Islamologiques (به فرانسوی). Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. 7: 33–90. Archived from the original (PDF , 14.62 MB) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
Holt, P. M. (1984). "Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. University of London. 47 (3): 501–507. JSTOR 618882. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

پیوند به بیرون

"Biography of al-Musta'in" (به عربی). Islampedia.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11.

[Holt-1] Holt, Peter Malcolm (1993). "Al-Musta'in (II)". The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. Vol. Volume VII (Mif – Naz) (2nd ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 723. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

[King-2] King, Joan Wucher (1989) [First published 1984]. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Books of Lasting Value. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 453–454. ISBN 978-977-424-213-7.

[3] Arnold, T. W. (1993). "Khalifa". E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Vol. Volume IV (ʿItḳ – Kwaṭṭa) (Reprinted 1st ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 883. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2. Retrieved 2010-10-15. But not a single one of them (with the exception of Musta'in, who was made the plaything of rival political factions in 1412 and for six months was styled Sultan) ever exercised any function of government or enjoyed any political power. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |volume= has extra text (help)

[4] Singh, Nagendra Kumar, ed. (2002). International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. p. 199. ISBN 978-81-261-0403-1. These Caliphs were the spiritual heads only. All temporal authority lay with the Mamluk Sultans. [...] In 1412 C.E. the Caliph Al Mustain captured temporal power as well, but he could not hold such power for more than six months. The Caliphs who followed him had to remain content as spiritual heads only.

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