فرهنگ یاز
فرهنگ یاز یا شهرگانی یاز یا تمدن یاز (بخاطر محوطه شاخص یاز دَپَه (به ترکمنی: Yaz-depe, Yaz Depe) ، یاز تَپَه (به ترکمنی: Yaz Tepe)، در نزدیکی بایرامعلی، ترکمنستان نامیده شده است[۱])، یکی از فرهنگ‌های عصر آهن آغازین فرارود دربرگیرنده فرهنگ مرو، باختر و سغد (حدود ۱۵۰۰ تا ۵۰۰ پ.م.) بوده است[۲][۳][۴][۵][۶][۷][۸]. این فرهنگ در فرودست فرهنگ آمودریا ، که آن هم بازمانده عصر آهن است؛ یافت شده که دارای خانه‌های سنگی ستوندار با سامانه‌های آبیاری بوده است. در این شهرگانی ظروف گلی یافت شده که آن‌ها با چرخ سفالگری ساخته شده‌اند[۹][۱۰]. همچنین گزارش‌ها بیانگر این هستند که ابزارهای برنجی و آهنی نیز مانند داس‌ها یا چاقوهای فرش آهنی در میان ابزارها پیدا شده است.
گفته شده که زمان سرایش بخشهایی نوین تر از اوستا با باشندگی این فرهنگ همراه بوده است؛[نیازمند منبع] گرچه این گفته تنها بر پایه برخی برآوردهای پاره ای از زبانشناسان به دست داده شده است.
منابع
- ↑ "Yaz Tepe". Brill Reference. Koninklijke Brill NV. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
- ↑ Boroffka & Sverchkov 2013, p. 49.
- ↑ Parpola 2015, p. 298.
- ↑ Buławka & 2009–2010, p. 121.
- ↑ Kuzmina 2007, p. 416–417, 426–428, 431, 157, 449–450:V. Sarianidi and G. Gutlyev in the 1970s and 1980s suggested a date at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. Elena Efimovna Kuzmina considered that some Yaz I sites belonged to the 10th-9th centuries BCE, while the cultural synthesis at the border of the 2nd/1st millennium BCE, circa 1000–800 BCE. Vasily Abaev considered the nomads to be related to the Scythians or Saka, which relates to the Yasht 13.143 "the territory of Arya... Turya, Sairima, Daha".
- ↑ Parpola 1995, p. 372.
- ↑ Mallory & Adams 1997, p. 653.
- ↑ Raffaele Biscione; Ali Vahdati (2012). "The Iranian-Italian archaeological mission: Season 2012: The identification of cultural areas" (PDF). Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici. Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzari. 54: 358.
- ↑ Khlopina 2015, p. 55.
- ↑ Mallory & Adams 1997, p. 653–654.
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{{citation}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help); Unknown parameter|ignore-isbn-error=ignored (|isbn=suggested) (help) - Khlopina, K. I. (2015), "Namazga-depe and the Late Bronze Age of Southern Turkmenia", in Philip L. Kohl (ed.), The Bronze Age Civilization of Central Asia: Recent Soviet Discoveries, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-317-28225-9
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