دولت‌گرایی: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
محتوای حذف‌شده محتوای افزوده‌شده
R0stam (بحث | مشارکت‌ها)
جز R0stam صفحهٔ دولت گرایی را به دولت‌گرایی منتقل کرد
Alpinu (بحث | مشارکت‌ها)
جز French spelling
برچسب: نیازمند بازبینی
خط ۱: خط ۱:
'''دولت گرایی''' یا '''دولت محوری''' ({{lang-fr|étatisme}}) در [[علوم سیاسی]]، این باور است که [[دولت]] باید سیاست اقتصادی یا اجتماعی یا هر دو را تا حدی کنترل کند.<ref name="After Statism by Levy">{{cite book | title=The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization | publisher=Harvard University Press | author=Levy, Jonah D | year=2006 | location=Cambridge, MA | pages=469 | isbn=978-0-674-02276-8}}</ref><ref name="Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination by Obadare">{{Cite book | publisher = Codesria | isbn = 978-2-86978-303-4 | last = Obadare | first = Ebenezer | title = Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination: A Critical Study of the National Youth Service Corps Programme in Nigeria | location = Dakar Senegal | year = 2010}}</ref><ref name="Rise and Demise of German Statism by Kvistad">{{Cite book | publisher = Berghahn Books | isbn = 978-1-57181-161-5 | last = Kvistad | first = Gregg | title = The Rise and Demise of German Statism: Loyalty and Political Membership | location = Providence [u.a.] | year = 1999}}</ref><ref name="Statism and Anarchy by Bakunin">{{Cite book | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-36182-8 | author = Bakunin, Mikhail | title = Statism and Anarchy | location = Cambridge| year = 1990}}</ref>
'''دولت گرایی''' یا '''دولت محوری''' ({{lang-fr|étatisme}}) در [[علوم سیاسی]]، این باور است که [[دولت]] باید سیاست اقتصادی یا اجتماعی یا هر دو را تا حدی کنترل کند.<ref name="After Statism by Levy">{{cite book | title=The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization | publisher=Harvard University Press | author=Levy, Jonah D | year=2006 | location=Cambridge, MA | pages=469 | isbn=978-0-674-02276-8}}</ref><ref name="Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination by Obadare">{{Cite book | publisher = Codesria | isbn = 978-2-86978-303-4 | last = Obadare | first = Ebenezer | title = Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination: A Critical Study of the National Youth Service Corps Programme in Nigeria | location = Dakar Senegal | year = 2010}}</ref><ref name="Rise and Demise of German Statism by Kvistad">{{Cite book | publisher = Berghahn Books | isbn = 978-1-57181-161-5 | last = Kvistad | first = Gregg | title = The Rise and Demise of German Statism: Loyalty and Political Membership | location = Providence [u.a.] | year = 1999}}</ref><ref name="Statism and Anarchy by Bakunin">{{Cite book | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-36182-8 | author = Bakunin, Mikhail | title = Statism and Anarchy | location = Cambridge| year = 1990}}</ref>
دولت گرایی در واقع متضاد [[آنارشیسم]] است.<ref name="After Statism by Levy"/><ref name="Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination
دولت گرایی در واقع متضاد [[آنارشیسم]] است.<ref name="After Statism by Levy"/><ref name="Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination
by Obadare"/><ref name="Rise and Demise of German Statism by Kvistad"/><ref name="Statism and Anarchy by Bakunin"/> دولت گرایی اشکال مختلفی را می تواند به خود بگیرد. مینارشیستهای خواهان دولتی حداقلی یا [[دولت نگهبان شب|نگهبان شب]] برای حفاظت مردم برابر تجاوز، دزدی، پیمان شکنی و تقلب با استفاده از نظامیان، پلیس و دادگاههایند.<ref name="Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement by Machan">{{Cite journal | issn = 1145-6396 | volume = 12 | pages = 569–569–588 | last = Machan | first = T | title = Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement | journal = Journal Des Economistes et Des Etudes Humaines | year = 2002}}</ref><ref name="Reply to Machan by Block">{{Cite journal | issn = 0363-2873 | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–61–90 | last = Block | first = W | title = Anarchism and Minarchism No Rapprochment Possible: Reply to Tibor Machan | journal = The Journal of Libertarian Studies | year = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Anarchism Minarchism by Long">{{Cite book | publisher = Ashgate | isbn = 978-0-7546-6066-8 | last = Long | first = Roderick | title = Anarchism Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country? | location = Aldershot, England| year = 2008}}</ref><ref name="Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation by Parker">{{Cite book | publisher = Zed | isbn = 978-1-84972-734-1 | last = Parker | first = Martin | title = The Dictionary of Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation | location = London, England | year = 2010}}</ref> برخی ممکن است به [[آتش نشانی]] و زندان هم باور داشته باشند.<ref name="Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement by Machan"/><ref name="Reply to Machan by Block"/><ref name="Anarchism Minarchism by Long"/><ref name="Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation by Parker"/> توتالیترینها خواهان دولتی حداکثری یا تمام عیارند.<ref name="Origins of Totalitarianism by Arendt">{{Cite book | publisher = Harcourt Brace & World | last = Arendt | first = Hannah | title = The Origins of Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1966}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Cernak">{{Cite book | publisher = ABDO | isbn = 978-1-61714-795-1 | last = Cernak | first = Linda | title = Totalitarianism | location = Edina, MN | year = 2011}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Grosset & Dunlap | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1964}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Gleason">{{Cite book | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-505017-2 | last = Gleason | first = Abbott | title = Totalitarianism | location = Oxford | year = 1995}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Schapiro">{{Cite book | publisher = Praeger | last = Schapiro | first = Leonard | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1972}}</ref>دولت محدود شده، [[دولت رفاه]] و دیگر گزینه ها بخش میانی میزان دولت محوری هستند.<ref name="Limited Government by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Prentice-Hall | isbn = 978-0-13-537167-1 | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Limited Government: A Comparison | location = Englewood Cliffs, NJ | year = 1974}}</ref><ref name="Welfare State by Marx">{{Cite book | publisher = Wilson | last = Marx | first = Herbert | title = The Welfare State | location = New York | year = 1950}}</ref> [[تمامیت‌خواهی|تمامیت‌خواهان]] یک n,gj حداکثری یا همه جانبه را ترجیح می دهند.<ref name="Origins of Totalitarianism by Arendt">{{Cite book | publisher = Harcourt Brace & World | last = Arendt | first = Hannah | title = The Origins of Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1966}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Cernak">{{Cite book | publisher = ABDO | isbn = 978-1-61714-795-1 | last = Cernak | first = Linda | title = Totalitarianism | location = Edina, MN | year = 2011}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Grosset & Dunlap | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1964}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Gleason">{{Cite book | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-505017-2 | last = Gleason | first = Abbott | title = Totalitarianism | location = Oxford | year = 1995}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Schapiro">{{Cite book | publisher = Praeger | last = Schapiro | first = Leonard | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1972}}</ref>
by Obadare"/><ref name="Rise and Demise of German Statism by Kvistad"/><ref name="Statism and Anarchy by Bakunin"/> دولت گرایی اشکال مختلفی را می تواند به خود بگیرد. مینارشیستهای خواهان دولتی حداقلی یا [[دولت نگهبان شب|نگهبان شب]] برای حفاظت مردم برابر تجاوز، دزدی، پیمان شکنی و تقلب با استفاده از نظامیان، پلیس و دادگاههایند.<ref name="Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement by Machan">{{Cite journal | issn = 1145-6396 | volume = 12 | pages = 569–569–588 | last = Machan | first = T | title = Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement | journal = Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines | year = 2002}}</ref><ref name="Reply to Machan by Block">{{Cite journal | issn = 0363-2873 | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 61–61–90 | last = Block | first = W | title = Anarchism and Minarchism No Rapprochment Possible: Reply to Tibor Machan | journal = The Journal of Libertarian Studies | year = 2007}}</ref><ref name="Anarchism Minarchism by Long">{{Cite book | publisher = Ashgate | isbn = 978-0-7546-6066-8 | last = Long | first = Roderick | title = Anarchism Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country? | location = Aldershot, England| year = 2008}}</ref><ref name="Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation by Parker">{{Cite book | publisher = Zed | isbn = 978-1-84972-734-1 | last = Parker | first = Martin | title = The Dictionary of Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation | location = London, England | year = 2010}}</ref> برخی ممکن است به [[آتش نشانی]] و زندان هم باور داشته باشند.<ref name="Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement by Machan"/><ref name="Reply to Machan by Block"/><ref name="Anarchism Minarchism by Long"/><ref name="Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation by Parker"/> توتالیترینها خواهان دولتی حداکثری یا تمام عیارند.<ref name="Origins of Totalitarianism by Arendt">{{Cite book | publisher = Harcourt Brace & World | last = Arendt | first = Hannah | title = The Origins of Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1966}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Cernak">{{Cite book | publisher = ABDO | isbn = 978-1-61714-795-1 | last = Cernak | first = Linda | title = Totalitarianism | location = Edina, MN | year = 2011}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Grosset & Dunlap | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1964}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Gleason">{{Cite book | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-505017-2 | last = Gleason | first = Abbott | title = Totalitarianism | location = Oxford | year = 1995}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Schapiro">{{Cite book | publisher = Praeger | last = Schapiro | first = Leonard | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1972}}</ref>دولت محدود شده، [[دولت رفاه]] و دیگر گزینه ها بخش میانی میزان دولت محوری هستند.<ref name="Limited Government by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Prentice-Hall | isbn = 978-0-13-537167-1 | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Limited Government: A Comparison | location = Englewood Cliffs, NJ | year = 1974}}</ref><ref name="Welfare State by Marx">{{Cite book | publisher = Wilson | last = Marx | first = Herbert | title = The Welfare State | location = New York | year = 1950}}</ref> [[تمامیت‌خواهی|تمامیت‌خواهان]] یک n,gj حداکثری یا همه جانبه را ترجیح می دهند.<ref name="Origins of Totalitarianism by Arendt">{{Cite book | publisher = Harcourt Brace & World | last = Arendt | first = Hannah | title = The Origins of Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1966}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Cernak">{{Cite book | publisher = ABDO | isbn = 978-1-61714-795-1 | last = Cernak | first = Linda | title = Totalitarianism | location = Edina, MN | year = 2011}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Friedrich">{{Cite book | publisher = Grosset & Dunlap | last = Friedrich | first = Carl | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1964}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Gleason">{{Cite book | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-505017-2 | last = Gleason | first = Abbott | title = Totalitarianism | location = Oxford | year = 1995}}</ref><ref name="Totalitarianism by Schapiro">{{Cite book | publisher = Praeger | last = Schapiro | first = Leonard | title = Totalitarianism | location = New York | year = 1972}}</ref>
== منابع ==
== منابع ==
{{پانویس|۲}}
{{پانویس|۲}}

نسخهٔ ‏۱۹ آوریل ۲۰۱۵، ساعت ۲۳:۱۵

دولت گرایی یا دولت محوری (فرانسوی: étatisme‎) در علوم سیاسی، این باور است که دولت باید سیاست اقتصادی یا اجتماعی یا هر دو را تا حدی کنترل کند.[۱][۲][۳][۴] دولت گرایی در واقع متضاد آنارشیسم است.[۱][۲][۳][۴] دولت گرایی اشکال مختلفی را می تواند به خود بگیرد. مینارشیستهای خواهان دولتی حداقلی یا نگهبان شب برای حفاظت مردم برابر تجاوز، دزدی، پیمان شکنی و تقلب با استفاده از نظامیان، پلیس و دادگاههایند.[۵][۶][۷][۸] برخی ممکن است به آتش نشانی و زندان هم باور داشته باشند.[۵][۶][۷][۸] توتالیترینها خواهان دولتی حداکثری یا تمام عیارند.[۹][۱۰][۱۱][۱۲][۱۳]دولت محدود شده، دولت رفاه و دیگر گزینه ها بخش میانی میزان دولت محوری هستند.[۱۴][۱۵] تمامیت‌خواهان یک n,gj حداکثری یا همه جانبه را ترجیح می دهند.[۹][۱۰][۱۱][۱۲][۱۳]

منابع

  1. ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ Levy, Jonah D (2006). The State After Statism: New State Activities in the Age of Liberalization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-674-02276-8.
  2. ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ Obadare, Ebenezer (2010). Statism, Youth, and Civic Imagination: A Critical Study of the National Youth Service Corps Programme in Nigeria. Dakar Senegal: Codesria. ISBN 978-2-86978-303-4.
  3. ۳٫۰ ۳٫۱ Kvistad, Gregg (1999). The Rise and Demise of German Statism: Loyalty and Political Membership. Providence [u.a.]: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-57181-161-5.
  4. ۴٫۰ ۴٫۱ Bakunin, Mikhail (1990). Statism and Anarchy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36182-8.
  5. ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ Machan, T (2002). "Anarchism and Minarchism: A Rapprochement". Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines. 12: 569–569–588. ISSN 1145-6396.
  6. ۶٫۰ ۶٫۱ Block, W (2007). "Anarchism and Minarchism No Rapprochment Possible: Reply to Tibor Machan". The Journal of Libertarian Studies. 21 (1): 61–61–90. ISSN 0363-2873.
  7. ۷٫۰ ۷٫۱ Long, Roderick (2008). Anarchism Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-6066-8.
  8. ۸٫۰ ۸٫۱ Parker, Martin (2010). The Dictionary of Alternatives Utopianism and Organisation. London, England: Zed. ISBN 978-1-84972-734-1.
  9. ۹٫۰ ۹٫۱ Arendt, Hannah (1966). The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt Brace & World.
  10. ۱۰٫۰ ۱۰٫۱ Cernak, Linda (2011). Totalitarianism. Edina, MN: ABDO. ISBN 978-1-61714-795-1.
  11. ۱۱٫۰ ۱۱٫۱ Friedrich, Carl (1964). Totalitarianism. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
  12. ۱۲٫۰ ۱۲٫۱ Gleason, Abbott (1995). Totalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-505017-2.
  13. ۱۳٫۰ ۱۳٫۱ Schapiro, Leonard (1972). Totalitarianism. New York: Praeger.
  14. Friedrich, Carl (1974). Limited Government: A Comparison. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-537167-1.
  15. Marx, Herbert (1950). The Welfare State. New York: Wilson.