داهان: تفاوت میان نسخه‌ها

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درخط

نسخهٔ ‏۱۶ دسامبر ۲۰۱۶، ساعت ۲۱:۰۸

'داهان'، داهه‌ها یا 'قوم داه' یا 'دَهه' نام گروهی از مردمان ایرانی‌تبار و گروهی از تیره سکاها^[۱] بوده‌اند.

آریان مورخ یونانی قرن اول میلادی در میان لشکریان داریوش سوم هنگام جنگ با اسکندر کبیر، از سواران تیرانداز داهه نام می‌برد. استرابو جغرافی نگار یونانی، از سه طایفه داهه با نام‌های پرنی (Aparni) و خانتی‌ها (xanthii) و پیسوری (pissuri) یاد کرده است و آنها را سکایی خوانده و نام داهه را یک نام کلی برای این قبایل دانسته است.^[۲] استرابو قبیله پرنی را نزدیک‌ترین قبایل به ساتراپ هیرکانی (گرگان) و سکنه شرق دریای خزر خوانده است؛ و قلمرو دو قبیله دیگر داهه (Xanthii, Pissuri) را تا نزدیکی سرزمین هرات باستان، گسترده دانسته است^[۳] بنابر گزارش استرابو، ارشک یکم بنیانگذار شاهنشاهی اشکانی و از قبیله پرنی بوده است.^[۴]^[۵] شاهان اشکانی ایران نیز تبارشان به پرنی‌ها می‌رسد. پرنی‌ها در پایان سده چهارم پ.م. از بقیه داهان جدا شده و به سوی غرب و ناحیه دریای خزر کوچ کردند. احتمال ارتباطی میان نام آنان و ناحیهٔ دهستان یا داهستان می‌رود.

تبار

استرابو بروشنی قبایل داهه را با نام دقیق داهه (dahae) یاد کرده و از سه قبیله داهه با نام‌های پرنی (Aparni) و خانتی (xanthii) و پیسوری (pissuri) یاد کرده است و آنها را سکایی خوانده و نام داهه را یک نام کلی برای این قبایل دانسته و مکان جغرافیایی زندگی قبیله پرنی را نزدیک‌ترین به هیرکانی و دریای کاسپین خوانده است.^[۱] هرودوت از فبیله ایی بنام دائویی (Dáoi) یاد کرده و آن را همراه با قبایل ماردیان‌ها، دروپیکان‌ها و ساگارتیان‌ها، جز قبایل چادرنشین پارسی معرفی می‌کند. این‌نام همچنین در «کتیبه خدایی» خشایارشای اول هخامنشی، دیده شده است.^[۶] که باتوجه به تفاوت آشکار نام داهه (dahae) در گزارش استرابو و با نام دائویی (Dáoi) در گزارش هرودوت و همچنین دقت استرابو در توصیف کامل نام سه قبیله داهه و منطقه جغرافیایی زندگی قبیله پرنی داهه که بنابر گزارش استرابو، در نزدیکی دریای کاسپین و شمال هیرکانی (جایی در سواحل شرق کاسپین) بوده و همچنین استرابو یادآور شده است که ارشک یکم پادشاه سکایی تبار قبیله پرنی به همراه قبیله اش در ساحل رود اترک می‌زیسته است.^[۴] این احتمال که داهه‌ها سکایی بوده باشند، بسیار درست‌تر هست.

اشکانیان

شاهان اشکانی در لحظات دشوار جنگ معمولاً از دسته‌های جنگی و بومی تیره داهان استفاده می‌کردند.^[۷]

پانویس

↑ ^۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri. The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.
↑ strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri.
↑ strabo (11.8.2) ; The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.
↑ ^۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ strabo (11.9.2) ; Arsaces, a Scythian, (with the Parni, called nomades, a tribe of the Dahæ, who live on the banks of the Ochus,) invaded Parthia, and made himself master of it. At first both Arsaces and his successors were weakened by maintaining wars with those who had been deprived of their territory.
↑ strabo (11.9.3); They say that the Dahæ Parni were an emigrant tribe from the Dahæ above the Mæotis, who are called Xandii and Parii. But it is not generally acknowledged that Dahæ are to be found among the Scythians above the Meotis, yet from these Arsaces according to some was descended.
↑ Willem Vogelsang, "DAHAE" in ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA
↑ دیاکونوف، ص۹۷

منابع

François de Blois, Willem Vogelsang, "DAHAE" in ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6, pp. 581–582
Brunner, C. J (2006). "PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic". ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA (به انگلیسی). Vol. XIII. p. 337-344.

دیاکونوف، م.م. اشکانیان، ترجمه کریم کشاورز، تهران: ۱۳۷۸.

جستارهای وابسته

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[ReferenceA-1] ۱٫۰ ^۱٫۱ strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri. The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.

[2] strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri.

[3] strabo (11.8.2) ; The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.

[ReferenceB-4] ۴٫۰ ^۴٫۱ strabo (11.9.2) ; Arsaces, a Scythian, (with the Parni, called nomades, a tribe of the Dahæ, who live on the banks of the Ochus,) invaded Parthia, and made himself master of it. At first both Arsaces and his successors were weakened by maintaining wars with those who had been deprived of their territory.

[5] strabo (11.9.3); They say that the Dahæ Parni were an emigrant tribe from the Dahæ above the Mæotis, who are called Xandii and Parii. But it is not generally acknowledged that Dahæ are to be found among the Scythians above the Meotis, yet from these Arsaces according to some was descended.

[6] Willem Vogelsang, "DAHAE" in ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA

[7] دیاکونوف، ص۹۷

[۱]

[۲]

[۳]

[۴]

[۵]

[۶]

[۷]

@@ خط ۱: / خط ۱: @@
 'داهان'، داهه‌ها یا 'قوم داه' یا 'دَهه' نام گروهی از [[مردمان ایرانی‌تبار]] و گروهی از تیره [[سکاها]]<ref name="ReferenceA">strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri. The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.</ref> بوده‌اند.
-[[آریان]] مورخ یونانی قرن اول میلادی در میان لشکریان [[داریوش سوم]] هنگام جنگ با [[اسکندر کبیر]]، از سواران تیرانداز داهه نام می‌برد. [[استرابو]] جغرافی نگار [[یونانی]]، از سه طایفه [[داهه]] با نام‌های پرنی (Aparni) و خانتی‌ها (xanthii) و پیسوری (pissuri) یاد کرده است و آنها را [[سکا]]یی خوانده و نام داهه را یک نام کلی برای این قبایل دانسته است.<ref>strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri.</ref> [[استرابو]] قبیله پرنی را نزدیک‌ترین قبایل به ساتراپ [[هیرکانی]] (گرگان) و سکنه شرق [[دریای خزر]] خوانده است؛ و قلمرو دو قبیله دیگر [[داهه]] (Xanthii, Pissuri) را تا نزدیکی سرزمین [[هرات]] باستان، گسترده دانسته است<ref>strabo (11.8.2) ; The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.</ref> بنابر گزارش استرابو، [[ارشک یکم]] بنیانگذار [[شاهنشاهی اشکانی]] و از قبیله پرنی بوده است.<ref name="ReferenceB">strabo (11.9.2) ; Arsaces, a Scythian, (with the Parni, called nomades, a tribe of the Dahæ, who live on the banks of the Ochus,) invaded Parthia, and made himself master of it. At first both Arsaces and his successors were weakened by maintaining wars with those who had been deprived of their territory.</ref><ref>strabo (11.9.3); They say that the Dahæ Parni were an emigrant tribe from the Dahæ above the Mæotis, who are called Xandii and Parii. But it is not generally acknowledged that Dahæ are to be found among the Scythians above the Meotis, yet from these Arsaces according to some was descended.</ref> شاهان [[اشکانی]] ایران نیز تبارشان به پرنی‌ها می‌رسد. پرنی‌ها در پایان سده چهارم پ.م. از بقیه داهان جدا شده و به سوی غرب و ناحیه دریای خزر کوچ کردند. احتمال ارتباطی میان نام آنان و ناحیهٔ دهستان یا داهستان می‌رود.
+[[آریان]] مورخ یونانی قرن اول میلادی در میان لشکریان [[داریوش سوم]] هنگام جنگ با [[اسکندر کبیر]]، از سواران تیرانداز داهه نام می‌برد. [[استرابو]] جغرافی نگار [[یونانی‌ها|یونانی]]، از سه طایفه [[داهه]] با نام‌های پرنی (Aparni) و خانتی‌ها (xanthii) و پیسوری (pissuri) یاد کرده است و آنها را [[سکا]]یی خوانده و نام داهه را یک نام کلی برای این قبایل دانسته است.<ref>strabo (11.8.2) ; On the left hand opposite to these parts are situated the Scythian and nomadic nations, occupying the whole of the northern side. Most of the Scythians, beginning from the Caspian Sea, are called Dahæ Scythæ, and those situated more towards the east Massagetæ and Sacæ; the rest have the common appellation of Scythians, but each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, opposite the Sacæ and Sogdiani, and which country was also occupied by Sacæ; some tribes of the Dahæ are surnamed Aparni, some Xanthii, others Pissuri.</ref> [[استرابو]] قبیله پرنی را نزدیک‌ترین قبایل به ساتراپ [[هیرکانی]] (گرگان) و سکنه شرق [[دریای خزر]] خوانده است؛ و قلمرو دو قبیله دیگر [[داهه]] (Xanthii, Pissuri) را تا نزدیکی سرزمین [[هرات]] باستان، گسترده دانسته است<ref>strabo (11.8.2) ; The Aparni approach the nearest of any of these people to Hyrcania, and to the Caspian Sea. The others extend as far as the country opposite to Aria.</ref> بنابر گزارش استرابو، [[ارشک یکم]] بنیانگذار [[شاهنشاهی اشکانی]] و از قبیله پرنی بوده است.<ref name="ReferenceB">strabo (11.9.2) ; Arsaces, a Scythian, (with the Parni, called nomades, a tribe of the Dahæ, who live on the banks of the Ochus,) invaded Parthia, and made himself master of it. At first both Arsaces and his successors were weakened by maintaining wars with those who had been deprived of their territory.</ref><ref>strabo (11.9.3); They say that the Dahæ Parni were an emigrant tribe from the Dahæ above the Mæotis, who are called Xandii and Parii. But it is not generally acknowledged that Dahæ are to be found among the Scythians above the Meotis, yet from these Arsaces according to some was descended.</ref> شاهان [[اشکانی]] ایران نیز تبارشان به پرنی‌ها می‌رسد. پرنی‌ها در پایان سده چهارم پ.م. از بقیه داهان جدا شده و به سوی غرب و ناحیه دریای خزر کوچ کردند. احتمال ارتباطی میان نام آنان و ناحیهٔ دهستان یا داهستان می‌رود.
 == تبار ==