کتب اربعه

فارسی

English

اصول اربعه یا کتب اربعه نام چهار مجموعه کتاب حدیثی است که از پراهمیت ترین کتاب‌های حدیثی نزد شیعه محسوب می‌شود. به دلیل درهم‌آمیختگی احادیث صحیح و جعلی اسلامی، سه تن از بزرگان شیعه، اقدام به گردآوری و نوشتن چهار مجموعه کتاب روایی کردند که به کتب اربعه معروف هستند و مؤلفان آن‌ها را محمدین ثلاثه اول می‌نامند؛ زیرا اسامی هر سه محمد و کنیه هر سه ابوجعفر بوده‌است. این کتاب‌ها عبارت‌اند از: ۱. الکافی: گردآوری شده توسط محمد بن یعقوب کلینی (متوفای ۳۲۸ یا ۳۲۹ق)، و ۱۶۱۹۹ حدیث دارد. ۲. من لایحضره الفقیه: گردآوری شده توسط ابوجعفر محمد بن علی بن بابویه قمی ملقب به شیخ صدوق(متوفای ۳۸۱ق) و ۵۹۶۳ حدیث دارد. ۳. تهذیب الاحکام: گردآوری شده توسط ابوجعفر محمد بن الحسن طوسی معروف به شیخ طوسی(متوفای ۴۶۰ق) و ۱۳۵۹۰ حدیث دارد. ۴. الاستبصار فِیمَا اختُلف مِن الاخبار: گردآوری شده توسط شیخ طوسی است و ۵۵۱۱ حدیث دارد. منابع ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی پیوند به بیرون سیری در کتب اربعه شیعه و روند تدوین آنها کتابهای چهارگانه شیعه

Distinguish from the Four Books of Chinese Confucianism. Hadith Ḥadīth - (حديث) Sunni collections Kutub Al-Sittah - (The six books) Sahih Al-Bukhari ( صحيح البخاري ) Sahih Muslim ( صحيح مسلم ) Al-Sunan Al-Sughra ( السنن الصغرى ) Sunan Abi Dawood ( سنن أبي داود ) Sunan Al-Tirmidhi ( جامع الترمذي ) Sunan Ibn Maja ( سُنن ابن ماجه ) Others Muwatta Imam Malik Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (780–855) Sunan Al-Darimi (868) Shama'il Muhammadiyah often referred to as Shamaail Tirmidhi (9th Century) Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah (923) Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān (965) Al-Mustadrak Alaa Al-Ṣaḥīḥaīn Al-Mawdū'āt Al-Kubrā (1128–1217) Rīaḍ As-Ṣāliḥīn (1233–1278) Mishkat Al-Masabih (1340) Talkhis Al-Mustadrak (1274–1348) Majma Al-Zawa'id (1335–1405) Bulugh Al-Maram (1372–1449) Kanz al-Ummal (16th century) Zujajat al-Masabih (19th century) Minhaj us Sawi (20th century) Muntakhab Ahadith (20th century) Shi'a collections Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah - (The four books) Kitab Al-Kafi ( الكتاب الكافي ) Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih ( من لا يحضره الفقيه ) Tahdhib Al-Ahkam ( تهذیب الاحکام ) Al-Istibsar ( الاستبصار ) Others The Book of Sulaym Ibn Qays (7th Century) Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya (678–713) Sharh Usul al-Kafi (?–1081) Nahj Al-Balagha (10th Century) Wasā'il Al-Shīʿa (17th century) Bihar Al-Anwar (17th century) Haqq al-Yaqeen (17th century) Ain Al-Hayat (17th century) Qalam-e-Mowla (?) Daim al-Islam (?) Ibadi collections Jami Sahih Tartib Al-Musnad Mu'tazila collections Comments on the Peak of Eloquence (?–1258) Related Articles History Hadith studies Biographical evaluation Jihad in Hadith Criticism of Hadith Terminology Categories Category Portal The Four Books (Arabic: الكتب الاربعة Al-Kutub Al-Arbʿah') is a Twelver Shiʿa term referring to their four best known hadith collections. The books are: Name Collector Size Kitab al-Kafi (divided into Usul al-Kafi, Furu al-Kafi and Rawdat al-Kafi) Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni al-Razi (329 AH) 15,176 hadith Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih Muhammad ibn Babuya 9,044 Tahdhib al-Ahkam Shaykh Muhammad Tusi 13,590 Al-Istibsar Shaykh Muhammad Tusi 5,511 Shi'a Muslims use different books of ahadith than Ahl al-Sunnah's Six major Hadith collections. The Shi'a consider many Sunni transmitters of hadith to be unreliable because the majority of them were narrated through certain personalities that waged war against Ali or sided with his enemies such as Muawiya. Sunni transmitters of hadith are also considered weak as Sunni hadith was an oral tradition before being written down three generations after the death of Muhammad. Shia trust traditions transmitted through the Imams, Muhammad's descendants through Fatima Zahra. However, Shia narrators who collect hadith attributed to Muhammad don't have a lineage of transmitters reaching Muhammad; while Sunni narrators consider the lineage of transmitters (even transmitters' life details) a very important aspect of narration and authenticity of Hadith. The Four Books have been praised by many notable Shi'a scholars. This is what some have said: Shaikh al-Hur al-Aamili said, "The authors of the 4 Books of shia have testified that the Hadiths of their books are accurate (saheeh) , firm and well conducted from the roots that all shia agreed on , and if you consider those scholars (the authors of the four books) are reliable then you must accept their sayings and their narrations . " [Al-wasa’el, vol. 20, p. 104] Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi said: "Al-Kafi, Al-Istibsaar, Al-Tahzeeb and Mun La Yahduruhu Al-faqeeh are Mutawatirah and agreed on the accuracy of its contents (the Hadiths), and Al-Kafi is the oldest, greatest, best and the most accurate one of them.“ [The book of Al-Muraja'aat (A Shi'i-Sunni dialogue), Muraj'ah No. 110] Al-Tabrosi (aka, Tabarsi) said:"Al-Kafi among the 4 shia books is like the sun among the stars, and who looked fairly would not need to notice the position of the men in the chain of hadiths in this Book, and if you looked fairly you would feel satisfied and sure that the hadiths are firm and accurate."[Mustadrak al-Wasail, vol. 3, p. 532] See also List of Shi'a books References