موسی کاظم
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مختصات: ۱۶٫۷۴″ ۲۰′ ۴۴°شرقی ۴۸٫۱″ ۲۲′ ۳۳°شمالی / ۴۴٫۳۳۷۹۸۳۳غرب ۳۳٫۳۸۰۰۲۸جنوب
ابوابراهیم، موسی بن جعفر الکاظم، هفتمین امام شیعیان دوازده امامی که آنها از او با عنوان امام موسی کاظم یا «امام کاظم» یاد میکنند. وی فرزند ابوعبدالله جعفر الصادقالبارالامین است که در روز ۷ صفر سال ۱۲۸ ه. ق. در ابواء (منطقهای در میان مکه و مدینه) به دنیا آمد. مادر او حمیده مصفّاة است که نامهای دیگری مانند حمیده بربریه و حمیده اندلسیه نیز برای او نقل شدهاست. از مهمترین القاب پیروانش برای او، میتوان به کاظم، صابر، صالح، امین و عبدالصالح اشاره کرد. او در میان شیعیان در میان امامانشان به «بابالحوائج» معروف است.
جانشینی جعفر صادقوی پس از کشته شدن پدرش جعفر صادق به دست خلیفه وقت در شوال سال ۱۴۸ ه. ق. و در زمان خلافت منصور عباسی امامت خود بر شیعیان را اعلام کرد که این کار ۳۵ سال به درازا کشید. سید محمدحسین طباطبایی در این باره می نویسد: «منصور پس از آن که خبر شهادت امام ششم را دریافت داشت به والى مدینه نوشت که بعنوان تفقد بازماندگان، به خانه امام برود و وصیت نامه آن حضرت را خواسته و بخواند و کسى را که وصى امام معرفى شده فى المجلس گردن بزند و البته مقصود منصور از جریان این دستور این بود که به مسئله امامت خاتمه دهد و زمزمه تشیع رابکلى خاموش کند ولى بر خلاف توطئه وى وقتى که والى مدینه طبق دستور، وصیت نامه را خواند دید امام پنج نفر را براى وصایت تعیین فرموده. خود خلیفه و والى مدینه و عبدالله افطح فرزند بزرگ و موسى فرزند کوچک آنحضرت و حمیده و به این ترتیب تدبیر منصور نقش بر آب شد»[۱] وی نقش موثری در گسترش معارف شیعی داشت. در این دوران، چندین بار توسط خلفای عباسی دستگیر و زندانی گردید. تنها در دوران خلافت هارون الرشید، به مدت چهار سال زندانی بود. موسی کاظم، در ۲۵ رجب ۱۸۳ ه. ق.، در سن ۵۵ سالگی، توسط زهر در زندان سندیبن شاهک به دستور هارون الرشید کشته شد.[۲] وی در شهر کاظمین در کشور عراق مدفون است. فرزنداندرباره تعداد فرزندانش چند قول وجود دارد. بنا بر یکی از آنها، وی ۳۷ فرزند داشت که شامل ۱۸ پسر و ۱۹ دختر بودند. علی بن موسی، هشتمین امام شیعیان، فرزند اوست. همچنین یکی از دخترانش به نام فاطمه معصومه که برای دیدار برادرش، رضا، عازم ایران شده بود، در شهر قم بیمار شد و پس از چند روز بیماری، درگذشت و در این شهر مدفون است. پسران
دختران
زمامداران معاصر
اصحاب و یاران
رویدادهای مهم در دوران زندگی
پانویس
جستارهای وابستهمنابع
پیوند به بیرون
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For the Twelver Shī‘ah scholar, see Musa al-Sadr. For the African-American Muslim activist, see Abdul Alim Musa.
Mūsá ibn Ja‘far al-Kādhim (Arabic: موسى بن جعفر الكاظم) (November 6, 745 AD - September 1, 799 // Safar 7, 128 AH – Rajab 25, 183 AH)[1] was the seventh of the Twelve Imams and regarded by Sunnis as a renowned scholar. He was the son of the sixth Imam, Ja‘far aṣ-Ṣādiq and his mother was Hamidah Khātūn, a student and former slave of East African descent. His wife Najmah was also a former slave purchased and freed by Hamidah, his mother.[9] Mūsá al-Kādhim was born during the power struggles between the Umayyad and the Abbasid. Like his father, he was assassinated by the Abbasids. He bore three notable children: the eighth Imām, Ali al-Ridha, and two daughters, Fāṭimah al-Ma‘sūmah and Hajar Khatun. In total from all his wives he bore 37 children, 19 daughters and 18 sons. This is why most of the Sayyid population are Kādhimī Sayyids, or otherwise known as Mūsawī Sayyids, and trace their lineage back to the Prophet Muhammad, through one of Imam Musa al-Kadhim's children who were not his successor, Imam Ali Al-Ridha. The Festival of Imam Musa al-Kadhim celebrates his life and death.
Background [edit]Mūsá al-Kādhim was born in Abwa between Mecca and Medina. His mother was of East African origin. Medieval Muslim geographers referred to East Africa as 'Barbary' which has led to the common mistake that the Imam's mother was a Berber. After his mother was freed, his father trained her as an Islamic scholar.[10] Designation of the Imamate [edit]Mūsá al-Kādhim became the seventh Shi’ah Imam at the age of 21. According to the Kitab al-Irshad of Sheikh al-Mufid:
Some Shi‘ah believe that the eldest son of Imam Ja‘far, namely Isma'il ibn Jafar, received the Imamate rather than Mūsá al-Kādhim. The Twelvers believe he predeceased his father[12] and therefore was never appointed Imam, and this is affirmed in the most respected contemporary history book of the Ismailis themselves, written by historian Farhad Daftary, a twelver Shi'a in the employ of the current Ismaili Imam, Aga Khan IV.[13] The descendents of the supporters of Isma'il's Imamate today comprise the Ismaili, which includes several independent groups, which include the Bohras, and Nizari Aga Khanis. Other Shia believed that Imam al-Sadiq's eldest surviving son Abdullah al-Aftah was the Imam to succeed his father. This sect was known as the Aftahiyya/Fathiyya/Fathites. His death [edit]In 795, Harun al-Rashid imprisoned Imam Mūsá al-Kādhim; according to Twelver Shia tradition, four years later, he ordered Sindi ibn Shahiq to poison the Imām. Imam Mūsá al-Kāżim's body is now said to rest within al Kadhimiya Mosque in Kadhimayn, Iraq. He left nineteen sons and eighteen daughters. A group of Shia rejected the death of Musa al-Kadhim. They were called the Waqifite Shia. They believed Imam Musa was the Mahdi, particularly the Imam Mehdi and was alive, but in occultation. This group no longer exists today, and it has been determined that the represented Imam Musa al-Kadhim while he was imprisoned and brought the khums back to him, started this sect so they could get money from the Shias, on the pretense that they were giving it to Imam Musa al-Kadhim. Until Imam Ali al-Ridha finally had his only son, Imam Muhammad al-Jawad, there were many Shias who were doubtful of the Imamate of Ali ibn Musa. Issue [edit]He had 37 children 18 sons: Ali al-Ridha, Ibrahim, Abbas, Salih, Qasim, Ahmad, Mohammad, Hamza, Ismail, Ja'far, Haroon, Husayn, Abdullah, Ishaq, Ubayd-il-lah, Zayd, Hasan, Al-Fadl and Sulayman[14] 19 daughters: Fatima al-Kubra, Fatima al-Sughra, Ruqaya, Ruqaya al-Sughra, Hakeema, Umm Abeeha, Umm Kulthum, Umm Salma, Umm Ja'far, Lubana, Alya, Amina, Hasana, Bareeha, Aisha, Zainab, Khadija and Hajar Khatun[15] Traditionally, the Shia believe that Imam Musa al-Kadhim had 73 children, however this is not verifiable as only 37 have been recorded by Shia scholars. Quotes [edit]
Timeline [edit]
See also [edit]References [edit]
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Quotations related to 
