مقایسه فرمت‌های پرونده‌های گرافیکی

این مقاله به همسنجی فرمت‌های تصویر می‌پردازد.

عمومی

فرمت	نوع	نام کامل	صاحب	فرمت پایه	پسوند پرونده	نوع MIME	نرم‌افزار کاربردی	دارای حق انحصار	پشتیبانی توسط ایمج‌مجیک	پشتیبانی توسط FFmpeg
Abc	?	Advanced Bitonal Compression	LEAD Technologies		.abc			بله	نه	نه
ADRG	?	ARC Digitized Raster Graphics			.adrg				نه	نه
AdobeResource	?		ادوبی	TIFF?					؟	؟
ADRI	?	ARC Digitized Raster Images			.adri				نه	نه
AGP	?	ArtGem Project	RL Vision		.agp		Preferred graphics format when working with ArtGem	خیر	نه	نه
AI	classic	Adobe Illustrator Document	ادوبی		.ai	application/Illustrator	Adobe Illustrator files are editable using programs that support the format, such as Adobe Illustrator, Inkscape, CorelDRAW, etc.	آری	نه	نه
Alias Pix image	?				.pix, .matte, .mask, .alpha, .als		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
AMI	?				.ami		Supported by Amica Paint		نه	نه
ANI	classic	ANI file format	مایکروسافت	RIFF	.ani		Used by مایکروسافت ویندوز		نه	نه
ANIM	?		الکترونیک آرتس and آمیگا	IFF	.iff, .anim	video/x-anim			نه	نه
APNG	next gen	Animated Portable Network Graphics	موزیلا	PNG	.png	image/png	Gecko 1.9	خیر	؟	نه
Apple Icon Image	?		شرکت اپل		.icns		Used by اواس ده		نه	نه
APX	?				.apx		Supported by Ebuyer Photo Paint		نه	نه
ART	?		ای‌اوال		.art				نه	نه
ART	?	PFS: 1st Publisher clip art			.art				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
Ascii Art	classic				.txt, .ansi, .text	text/plain	Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
Authorware map	legacy		ادوبی		.aam	application/x-authorware-map			نه	نه
Authorware seg	legacy		ادوبی		.aas	application/x-authorware-seg			نه	نه
Authorware bin	legacy		ادوبی		.aab, .x32, .u32, .vox	application/x-authorware-bin			نه	نه
AutoCAD DXF	?	Drawing Interchange Format	اتودسک		.dxf				نه	نه
AWD	?				.awd	image/awd	Used by PhotoPhilia		نه	نه
ARW	?	Sony Alpha RAW	سونی	TIFF	.arw				نه	نه
BAY	?	Casio RAW	کاسیو		.bay				نه	نه
BigTIFF	?			TIFF	.btf, .tiff, .tif				؟	نه
BMF	legacy		کورل		.bmf		Used by Corel Clipart Gallery apps and any BMF image utility		نه	نه
bmp compressor	next gen	Bit Map Compressor			.hpc				نه	نه
BLEAND	?				.blend		Supported by مخلوط‌کن		نه	نه
BRK	?	Brooktrout Fax			.brk				نه	نه
BSAVE	legacy	BSAVE Image			.BSV		Used by IBM PC.		نه	نه
CAM	?	Casio CAM	کاسیو	JPEG	.cam				نه	نه
CADRG	?	Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics			.cadrg				نه	نه
CAL	?	CALS raster file format			.cal, .cals, .ras, .dcl				نه	نه
Capture One RAW	?		Phase One		.cap				نه	نه
CRW	?	Canon RAW	Canon		.crw, .ciff				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
CR2	?	Canon RAW 2	Canon	TIFF	.cr2				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
CDR	?	CorelDRAW Document	کورل		.cdr	application/coreldraw	CorelDRAW files are editable using programs that support the format, such as CorelDRAW, Adobe Illustrator, etc.	آری	نه	نه
CGM	?	Computer Graphics Metafile			.cgm	image/cgm	CGM files are editable using programs that support the format, such as IBM Lotus Freelance Graphics, etc.		نه	نه
CIN	?	Cineon			.cin	image/cineon			بله	آری (ReadOnly)
Corel Paint Shop Pro Pattern	?				.pat		Supported by Corel Paint Shop Pro		نه	نه
CPC	?	Cartesian Perceptual Compression	Cartesian Products, Inc.		.cpc, .cpi	image/cpi	Highly compressed raster imaging format.	آری	نه	نه
CPKT	?	APP5-CPKT Format		JPEG	.jpg, .jpe, .jpeg		Used by PROSERPINE.		نه	نه
CPT	?	Corel Photo-Paint Image			.cpt				نه	نه
Crack Art	legacy		Detlef Röttger & Jan Borchers		.ca1, .ca2, .ca3		an application on Atari ST		نه	نه
CUT	legacy				.cut		Used by DSHELL.		نه	نه
CMYK	basic				.cmyk				بله	نه
CMYKA	basic				.cmyka				بله	نه
DCS	?	Kodak DCS Pro RAW	ایستمن کداک		.dcs				نه	نه
DCR	?	Digital Camera Raw	ایستمن کداک		.dcr				نه	نه
DDS	classic	DirectDraw Surface	مایکروسافت		.dds				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
Degas	legacy	Design & Entertainment Graphic Arts System	Integral Solutions		.pi1, .pi2, .pi3, .pc1, .pc2, .pc3		an application on Atari ST		نه	نه
DNG	?	Digital Negative	ادوبی		.dng		Open format intended to replace proprietary .raw files in digital cameras		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
DIA	?			XML	.dia		Used by Dia		نه	نه
DICOM	?				.dcm, .dicom		Supported by گیمپ		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
DjVu	?	DjVu	AT&T Research		.djvu, .djv	image/vnd.djvu			آری (ReadOnly)	نه
Doodle	legacy				.doo		an application on Atari ST		نه	نه
DPX	?	Digital Picture eXchange file format			.dpx	image/dpx			بله	نه
DRF	?	Kodak Pro Back RAW	ایستمن کداک		.drf				نه	نه
Dr. Halo	legacy				.cut				بله	نه
Encapsulated PostScript	classic				.epi, .eps, .eps2, .eps3, epsf, epsi, ept				آری (partially ReadOnly)	نه
ECW	?	Enhanced Compressed Wavelet File	Earth Resource Mapping		.ecw		Geo-referenced image format used for aerial photos		نه	نه
EDG	classic	EDGE2 Original Format	TAKABO		.edg		Used by EDGE2		نه	نه
EMF	?	Windows Enhanced Metafile	مایکروسافت		.emf		مایکروسافت آفیس		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
EMF+	?				.emf+				؟	نه
ERF	?	EPSON RAW	EPSON		.erf				نه	نه
ERI	next gen	Entis Rasterized Image format			.eri				نه	نه
Exif	classic	Exchangeable Image File Format			.exif				؟	؟
EVA	?	Extended Vector Animation	شارپ		.eva	application/x-eva			نه	نه
EXR	?	OpenEXR	ILM		.exr	image/exr	Used in film effects for 3d rendering and hdr images.	؟	بله	نه
FIF	?	Fractal Image Format			.fif				نه	نه
FIG	?	FIG format			.fig		Supported by Xfig		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
سیستم قابل تنظیم انتقال تصویر	?	Flexible Image Transport System			.fit, .fits		Supported by گیمپ		بله	نه
FLA	classic	Flash Source File			.fla				نه	نه
FLIC	?		اتودسک		.fli, .flc, .flx, .flh, .flt		Supported by گیمپ		نه	آری (ReadOnly)
FLW	?	Kivio Document			.flw		Supported by Kivio		نه	نه
FPX	?	FlashPix (1.0.2)			.fpx	image/vnd.fpx			بله	نه
FreeHand	legacy		ادوبی		.fh4, .fh5, .fh7, .fh8, .fhc, .fh	image/x-freehand			نه	نه
FutureSplash	legacy		ادوبی		.spl	application/futuresplash			نه	نه
FXT	?		3DFX		.fxt				نه	نه
GEGL composition	next gen			XML	.xml	application/xml	used by GEGL		نه	نه
GIF	classic	Graphics Interchange Format	CompuServe, Unisys (compression algorithm)		.gif, .gfa	image/gif	Supported by most web browsers. Supports transparency and animation.	خیر	بله	بله
GIMP brush	classic		The GIMP Team		.gbr		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
GIMP compressed XJT image	classic		The GIMP Team		.xjt, .xjtgz (compressed), .xjtbz2 (compressed)		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
GIH	classic	Gimp image hose	The GIMP Team		.gih		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
GIMP patterns	classic		The GIMP Team		.pat		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
GRA	legacy				.gra		Used by QSV and QLD.		نه	نه
G3 Fax	?				.g3		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
Hasselblad 3FR RAW	?				.3fr				نه	نه
Hasselblad/Imacon FFF	?				.fff				نه	نه
HD Photo	next gen	HD Photo	مایکروسافت		.wdp, .hdp	image/vnd.ms-photo	TIFF-like container format with HDR encoding for photographic images	آری (no licence costs)	نه	نه
HG	legacy	Hyper Graphic Press			.hg		Supported by some old Japanese applications.		نه	نه
ICER	?		NASA مریخ‌نورد						نه	نه
IIQ RAW	?	Intelligent Image Quality RAW	Phase One		.iiq				نه	نه
IMA	?	.ima	.ima team		.ima		Format for photographic images with HDR encoding.	خیر	نه	نه
IMG	?				.img		Supported by GEM Paint		نه	نه
im4	legacy		Masahide Hirabayashi		.im4				نه	نه
Inkscape SVG	classic		The Inkscape Team	SVG	.svg, .svgz		Used by اینک‌اسکیپ		نه	نه
ICO	classic	ICO file format	مایکروسافت		.ico, .cur	image/vnd.microsoft.icon, image/x-icon	Used by مایکروسافت ویندوز		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
ICS	?	Image Cytometry Standard			.ics, .ids				نه	نه
IGS	?	Initial Graphics Exchange Specification			.gs	image/iges			نه	نه
ILBM	?	InterLeaved BitMap	الکترونیک آرتس and آمیگا	IFF	.iff, .ilbm, .lbm	image/x-ilbm	Planar graphics format designed for آمیگا graphics hardware.	خیر	نه	نه
IPTC/NAA	?	IPTC/NAA		TIFF					؟	؟
JBIG	?		Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group		.jbig, .bie, .jbg				بله	نه
JBIG2	?		Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group						؟	نه
JNG	next gen	JPEG Network Graphics			.jng	image/x-jng		خیر	بله	نه
JPEG	classic	Joint Photographic Experts Group	Joint Photographic Experts Group		.jpg, .jpeg, .jpe (containers: .jif, .jfif, .jfi)	image/jpeg	Photographic images. Supported by most web browsers.	خیر	بله	بله
JPEG 2000	next gen	Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000	Joint Photographic Experts Group		.jp2, .j2c, jpc, j2k, jpx	image/jp2	Photographic images, eventual replacement for JPEG.	آری (no licence costs for part 1)	بله	نه
JPEG-LS	next gen		Joint Photographic Experts Group		.jls				؟	نه
JPEG-HDR	next gen								؟	نه
J6I	?		ریکو	JPEG	.j6i		Used by RICOH DC-1/2		نه	نه
KDC	?	Kodak DC40/DC50 RAW	ایستمن کداک		.kdc				نه	نه
KOA	?				.koa, gg (compressed)		Supported by Koala Paint		نه	نه
KIFF	?	Kt Interchange File Format			.kif, .kiff				نه	نه
KISS CEL	?				.cel		Supported by گیمپ		نه	نه
Kodak TIFF extensions	?		ایستمن کداک	TIFF	.tif				نه	نه
Kodak YCC	?		ایستمن کداک		.pcd				نه	نه
KQP	?		Minolta	JPEG	.kqp				نه	نه
K25	?	Kodak DC25 RAW	ایستمن کداک		.k25				نه	نه
Leaf Mosaic RAW	?				.mos				نه	نه
LightStream Picture	?				.lsp				نه	نه
Mac Paint	?				.pnt, .mac				نه	نه
MDC	?	Minolta RD175 Format	Minolta		.mdc				نه	نه
MET	?	OS/2 Metafile Format			.met		Supported by SAS/GRAPH		نه	نه
MNG	next gen	Multiple-image Network Graphics		PNG	.mng	video/x-mng		خیر	بله	نه
MO:DCA	legacy	MO:DCA	IBM		.mda, .ica, .mmr, .afp	image	IBM's Content Manager and Image Plus	بله	نه	نه
MYD	?	Myd format			.myd				نه	نه
MYV	?	Myv vector format			.myv				نه	نه
NEF	?	Nikon RAW	نیکون		.nef				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
MEF	?	Mamiya RAW	مامیا		.mef				نه	نه
Neochrome	legacy		Dave Staugas		.neo		an application on Atari ST		نه	نه
MAG	legacy	MAKIchan Graphic loader	Woody-Rinn		.mag		Used by many old Japanese applications.		نه	نه
MAKI	legacy	MAKIchan net format	Woody-Rinn		.mki				نه	نه
MIFF	classic	Magick image file format	ImageMagick Studio		.miff		Supported by ایمج‌مجیک		بله	نه
MSA	legacy	Misachan File	Hirohumi Iguchi		.msa		Supported by old Japanese applications		نه	نه
MSL	classic	Magick Scripting Language	ImageMagick Studio		.msl		Supported by ایمج‌مجیک		بله	نه
MVG	classic	Magick Vector Graphics	ImageMagick Studio		.mvg		Supported by ایمج‌مجیک		بله	نه
MPC	classic	Magick Persistent Cache image file format	ImageMagick Studio		.mpc		Supported by ایمج‌مجیک		بله	نه
MRW	?	Minolta RAW	Minolta		.mrw				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
NSK-TIFF	?	NSK-TIFF	Nihon Shinbun Kyokai (日本新聞協会)	TIFF					؟	؟
ODG	classic	OpenDocument drawing			.odg				نه	نه
ORF	?	Olympus RAW	Olympus		.orf				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
PAM	legacy	portable anymap file format			.pam				؟	بله
Panasonic RAW	?		پاناسونیک		.raw				نه	نه
PCIF	next gen	Polyomino Compressed Image Format			.pcf				نه	نه
PhaseOne P25/P30/P45 RAW	?		Phase One		.tif, .tiff				نه	نه
PictureGear Pocket Image	?				.prc				نه	نه
PBM	legacy	Portable Bitmap File Format			.pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap			بله	نه
PCD	?	Kodak ImagePac Photo CD	ایستمن کداک		.pcd	image/jpcd			بله	نه
PCF	?	Pixel Coordination Format			.pcf	image/pcf			نه	نه
PCX	?	ZSoft PC Paintbrush File	ZSoft Corporation		.pcx, .pcc, .dcx	image/x-pcx	Dated rle packed indexed image format, used in some early 3d shooting games like Unreal Tournament as it takes up very little space and is easy to decode.	؟	بله	آری (ReadOnly)
PDF	classic	Portable Document Format	ادوبی		.pdf, .epdf				بله	نه
PGF	next gen	Progressive Graphics File	xeraina GmbH		.pgf		Photographic images, eventual replacement for JPEG.	خیر	نه	نه
PEF	?	PENTAX RAW	PENTAX		.pef				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
PGM	legacy	Portable Graymap File Format			.pgm	image/x-portable-graymap			بله	بله
Photochrome	legacy				.pcs				نه	نه
PNM	legacy	portable anymap			.pnm				؟	نه
PTX	?	Pentax RAW Bitmap Graphic	پنتاکس		.ptx				نه	آری (ReadOnly)
Pi	legacy		Yanagisawa		.pi		Used by some old Japanese applications.		نه	نه
PIC	legacy	Yanagisawa PIC	Yanagisawa		.pic		Used by many old Japanese applications.		نه	نه
PIC	legacy	DoGA PIC	Project Team DoGA		.pic		Used by DoGA CGA System.		نه	نه
PICT	?	Macintosh PICT Format	شرکت اپل		.pict, .pic, .pct, .pct1, .pct2	image/pict	Metafile for مک اواس, not meant for print publishing.	آری	بله	نه
PICtor	?		John Bridges, Doug Wolfgram		.pic		Supported by PCPaint		نه	نه
PIC2	next gen		Yanagisawa		.p2		Supported by some old Japanese applications.		نه	نه
Pixel	?	Pixel image format	Pixel		.px	image/px	Native format of the Pixel image editing program.	؟	نه	نه
PLD	?	PhotoLine Document	Computerinsel GmbH		.pld	application/pld	Native format of the PhotoLine image editing program.	؟	نه	نه
PMP	?		سونی	JPEG	.pmp		Used by Sony Cyber-Shot		نه	نه
PNG	classic	Portable Network Graphics	کنسرسیوم وب جهان‌شمول		.png	image/png	W3C endorsed replacement for GIF. Supported by most web browsers.	خیر	بله	بله
Postscript	classic				ps, ps2, ps3				بله	نه
PPM	legacy	Portable Pixmap File Format			.ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap	Very easy to understand. Programs to analyze and write to this format are easily written.		بله	بله
PSD	classic	Photoshop Document	ادوبی		.psd, .psb, .pdb, .pdd	image/psd, image/photoshop, image/x-photoshop	Used mainly for storing image manipulation & editing data.	آری	بله	نه
PSP	?	Paint Shop Pro Document	کورل		.psp, .tub, .pspimage	image/psp	It can only be opened in programs that support the format, such as Paint Shop Pro, گیمپ, etc.	؟	نه	نه
PSX TIM	?				.tim				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
PSX TIM2	?	Sony PlayStation Tim2	سونی		.tm2, .str		Used by PlayStation2		؟	نه
PXA	classic				.pxa		Used by Pixia		نه	نه
QuickTime Image	?		شرکت اپل		.qtif, .qti, .qif				نه	نه
Q0	legacy				.q0				نه	نه
Q4	legacy	XLD4	MAJYO		.q4				نه	نه
RAF	?	Fujifilm RAW	فوجی‌فیلم		.raf				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
RGB	basic				.rgb				بله	نه
RGBA	basic				.rgba				بله	نه
R3D	?	RED REDCODE™ RAW	Red		.r3d				نه	نه
SAI	classic		SYSTEMAX		.sai		Supported by PaintTool SAI		نه	نه
SCT	?	Scitex Continuous Tone Picture			.sct				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
SDA	?		سان مایکروسیستمز		.sda		Supported by StarOffice Draw 3-5		نه	نه
SDD	?		سان مایکروسیستمز		.sdd		Supported by StarOffice Draw 3-5		نه	نه
SFW	?	Seattle File Works image			.sfw				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
SGB	?		سان مایکروسیستمز		.sgb		Supported by StarOffice Graphics 2		نه	نه
SGI	?	Silicon Graphics Image			.sgi, .rgb, .rgba, .bw, .int, .inta, .icon				بله	بله
Shockwave Direcotr	legacy		ادوبی		.dir, .dcr, .dxr, .fgd	application/x-director	Used by Adobe Shockwave.		نه	نه
SK	classic				.sk		Supported by Skencil		نه	نه
SketchUp Format	classic				.skp, .skb		Supported by اسکچ‌آپ		نه	نه
SML	classic	Kivio stencil			.sml		Supported by Kivio		نه	نه
SRF	?	Sony RAW File	سونی		.srf, .sr2				نه	نه
SUN	?	Sun rasterfile	سان مایکروسیستمز		.sun, .ras, .rs, .im1, .im8, .im24, .im32		Supported by گیمپ		بله	آری (ReadOnly)
STX	?	SBIG CCD camera ST-x			.stx, .st4, .st5, .st6, .st7, .st8, .st9				نه	نه
SuperView Graphics	legacy		Andreas Kleinert		.svg		Used by SuperView Graphics library		نه	نه
SVG	classic	Scalable Vector Graphics	کنسرسیوم وب جهان‌شمول	XML	.svg, .svgz (compressed)	image/svg+xml	Scriptable vector image format; supported by major web browsers, occasionally via plug-in.	خیر	بله	نه
اس دبلیو اف	classic	Shockwave Flash	ادوبی		.swf	application/x-shockwave-flash	Supported by many web browsers via plug-in.		نه	بله
SXD	classic	اپن‌آفیس 1.0 drawing format			.sxd				نه	نه
TGA	classic	Truevision Targa	Truevision Inc.		.tga, .tpic	image/tga	Used by many 3D rendering applications and 3d games.	آری?	بله	آری (ReadOnly)
TIFF	classic	Tagged Image File Format	ادوبی		.tiff, .tif	image/tiff	Document scanning and imaging format, also functions as a container.	خیر	بله	بله
TIFF/EP	?	Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography	International Organization for Standardization	TIFF	.tiff, .tif				؟	؟
TIFF-FX	?	Tag Image File Format Fax eXtended		TIFF	.tiff, .tif	image/tiff-fx			؟	؟
Tiny Stuff	legacy		David Mumper		.tny, .tn1, .tn2, .tn3, .tn4, .tn5, tn6		an application on Atari ST		نه	نه
TLG5	?				.tlg		Used by KiriKiri		نه	نه
TLG6	next gen				.tlg		Used by KiriKiri		نه	نه
UFO	?	Ulead File for Objects			.ufo				نه	نه
XAML	next gen	Extensible Application Markup Language	مایکروسافت	XML	.xaml	application/xaml+xml	Used by بنیان نمایش ویندوز and مایکروسافت سیلورلایت.	؟	نه	نه
XAR	?	Xar			.xar	application/vnd.xara			نه	نه
XBM	legacy	X BitMap			.xbm, .bm, .icon, .bitmap	image/x-xbitmap	Used by many legacy Unix applications.		بله	نه
XCF	classic	XCF, name derived from eXperimental Computing Facility	The GIMP Team		.xcf, .xcfbz2 (compressed), .xcfgz (compressed)	application/x-gimp-image	Used by GIMP		آری (ReadOnly)	نه
XPM	legacy	X-Pixmap			.xpm, .pm	image/x-xpm	Used by many legacy Unix applications.		بله	نه
X3F	?	SIGMA RAW	سیگما (حرف)		.x3f				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
XWD	?				.xwd, .x11		Used by سیستم پنجره ایکس		بله	نه
WinFax	?		سیمنتک		.wfx, fxs, fxo				نه	نه
Windows bitmap	classic	Windows bitmap	مایکروسافت		.bmp, .dib, .rle, .2bp (2bpp)	image/x-bmp	Used by many 2D applications.	خیر	بله	بله
WBMP	?	Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format	WAP Forum		.wbmp, .wbm, .wbp	image/vnd.wap.wbmp			بله	نه
WordPerfect Graphics File	?				.wpg				آری (ReadOnly)	نه
YCbCr	basic				.ycbcr				بله	نه
YCbCrA	basic				.ycbcra				بله	نه
YUV	basic				.yuv				بله	نه
ZDT	?				.zdt		Used by TECH Win		نه	نه

181 Browsers: The Information Tool There's a good chance that you will spend a good deal of time with an Internet browser once you get a taste of the Internet. The Internet browser, or Web browser, is a software tool that makes it possible for you to tap the information resources of the electronic world and to communicate with those living in the electronic world. The viewing area of a browser can be filled with documents containing any combination of text, images, motion video, and animation. The visual information can be enhanced with real-time audio. These various forms of communication are presented within HTML documents. The browser opens an HTML document and displays the information according to HTML instructions embedded in the document. The HTML document pulls together all the necessary elements, including image files, audio streams, and small programs, called applets. The browser accepts the applets, then interprets and executes them. These applets frequently contain the instructions for an animation sequence. Browsers can be used with or without an Internet connection; however, an Internet link is needed to access files other than those on your PC or your local area network. We will discuss browsers within the context of the Internet. Concepts and Features We interact with word processing, desktop publishing, presentation, spread-

sheet, and database software to create some kind of a document. Browser software is different in that there is no resulting document. Browsers let you retrieve and view information as well as interact with server computers. Compared to the other productivity tools, browsers are easy to use, almost intuitive. The Internet: A Public Network The vast majority of the Internet resources made available by-millions of participating networks can be accessed by anyone, anywhere. To take advantage of these resources, you will need a browser and an Internet connection. Internet Organization. Fortunately, the Internet has a straightforward organization. At the top of the organization are the Internet servers, the computers that provide on-demand distribution of information. Each server has one or more home pages. When you navigate to a particular Web site (perhaps that of your college), the first page you will normally view is the site's home page. Information on the Web, which may be graphics, audio, video, animation, and text, is viewed in pages. A Web page can contain text plus any or all of these multimedia elements. Internet Servers. The World Wide Web (WWW), or Web server, with its multimedia capability, has emerged as the dominant server type on the Internet. The FTP server facilitates the transfer of files between computers, and the Gopher servers provide a hierarchical store-house of information. FTP and Gopher sites are being rapidly integrated in the more user-friendly Web server format. Browsers accommodate informa-tion retrieval for any type of Internet server. Internet Applications. World Wide Web servers have emerged as the choice cruising the Internet; however, other not-so-user-friendly types of servers contain useful information stilI not available from World Wide Web sources. These systems, which pre-date the World Wide Web, include FTP, Gopher, Telnet and Webcasting. Critical resources on these servers are being reformatted and modernized for distribution via World Wide Web servers. This section describes modern and traditional servers on the Internet. WWW: World Wide Web. The World Wide Web, affectionately called

the Web, is an Internet system that permits linking of multimedia documents among servers on the Internet. By establishing a linked relationship between Web documents, related information becomes easily accessible. These linked relationships are completely independent of physical location. These attributes set Web servers apart from other Internet servers. • User-Friendly. Prior to the World Wide Web, most Internet users were techies and IT professionals. Web resources are designed to be accessed with Internet browsers. These easy-to-use browsers, with their graphical user interfaces, let users point-and-click their way around the Internet. • Multimedia Documents. A Web page is much more than a page in a book. It can contain all of these multimedia elements: graphics, audio, video, animation, and text. • Hyperlinks. Multimedia resources on the Web are linked via hyperlinks. Web documents are created using HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). HTML is the 'tag' language used to format and transmit Web pages. Words and phrases within HTML documents (pages on the Web) can be marked (tagged) and highlighted to create interactive links to related text or multimedia information. Hyper‌links on the Web are displayed differently from accompanying text, usually as colored (often blue) and underlined text. Links need not be limited to text, though. Any multimedia object on the page (images, animated objects, and so on) can be a hyperlink. When the cursor is positioned over a hyperlink, it changes to a hand with a pointing finger. When you click on the link (the highlighted word[s] or image), you are electronically whisked away to the URL (uniform resource locator) address specified in the HTML document. The link could take you to another location in the same document or to another document on the same Web server or to a Web server on another continent. The transition between hyperlinks appears seam‌less to the Web user. • Interactive. The Web system, with its pages, enables interactivity between users and servers. There are many ways to interact with the Web. The most common form of interactivity is clicking on hyper-

links to navigate around the Internet. Some pages have input boxes into which you can enter textual information. You can click on radio buttons to select desired options. Radio buttons are circle bullets in front of user options that when selected include a dot in the middle of the circle. Each time you enter information in a text box or make selections. you will normally have to click on a submit button to transmit the information to the server computer. • Frames. Some Web sites present some or all of their information in frames. The frames feature enables the display of more than one independently controllable section on a single Web page. When you link to a Web page that uses frames, the URL of that page is that of a master HTML file that defines the size, position, and content of the frames. Ultimately your request for a frames page results in multiple HTML files being returned from the Web server. The frames capability may be used to display the main site options in one small frame and the primary information page in another larger frame. Sometimes a third frame displays context-sensitive instructions. FTP: Downloads for the Asking. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows you to download and upload files on the Internet. FTP has been around for a long time, so thousands of FTP sites offer millions of useful files-most are free for the asking. FTPing is a popular activity on the Net. Gopherspace: Go-For Information. Gopherspace is the home of thousands of Gopher servers throughout the world. The Gopher system, which pre-dates the World Wide Web, was developed at the University of Minnesota, the home of the Golden Gophers. Think of the Gopher system as a huge menu tree that allows you to keep choosing menu items until you find the information you want. Gopher resources can also be accessed through Internet browsers. Telnet: Remote Login. Telnet refers to a class of Internet application programs that lets you log into a remote computer using the Telnet communication protocol. Telnet is a terminal emulation protocol that allows you to work from a PC as if it were a terminal linked directly to a host computer. We b casting: Internet Broadcasting. Until recently, all Internet sites

were more or less passive, waiting for Net surfers to find them. It's now apparent that the Internet can be a broadcast medium as well. For example, thousands of radio stations now web cast their audio signals over the Internet.

Technical details

Format	فشرده‌سازی داده‌های صوتی	Raster / Vector	عمق رنگ	Indexed color	Trans­parency	Meta­data	Inter­lacing*	Multi-page	Ani­mation	Layers	Color manage­ment	Extend­able	HDR format
AGP	RLE	Raster	32	نه	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	بله	نه	نه	نه
AI	Lossy & Lossless	Vector & Raster	1, 8, 24, 32 (multiple palettes ?)	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	بله	بله	؟	نه
CDR	Lossy & Lossless	Vector & Raster	1, 8, 24, 32 (multiple palettes)	بله	بله	بله	نه	بله	نه	بله	بله	؟	نه
CPC	CPC	Raster	1	نه	نه	بله	نه	بله	نه	نه	نه	بله, via embedded dictionary	نه
EXR	None, RLE, ZIP, Piz, PXR24, B44	Raster	16 - 128 (floating-point)	نه	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	بله	بله	بله
GIF	LZW	Raster	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8	بله	بله, index	بله	بله	بله	بله	بله	نه	بله (GIF89a)	نه
HD Photo	Lossy & Lossless bi-orthogonal transform	Raster	1, 2, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64, 128 (floating-point)	نه	بله	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	بله	بله	بله
ILBM	Optional run-length encoding	Raster	8-bit, 24-bit	بله	نه	بله	بله	نه	بله, Palette-shifting	نه	نه	بله	نه
IMA	Lossy and lossless original mutiresolution analysis transformation	Raster	8-bit, 16-bit اعداد صحیح, 32-bit ممیز شناور	نه	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	بله	بله	بله
JPEG	Lossy & Lossless, DCT, RLE, Huffman predictive nearest neighbor	Raster	8-bit (greyscale), 12-bit, 24-bit	نه	نه	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	بله	نه	نه (see unofficial JPEG-HDR)
JPEG 2000	Lossy & Lossless (DWT)	Raster	8, 16 (greyscale) Up to 48-bit color?	نه	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	بله	؟	نه
PCX	None, RLE	Raster	1, 2, 4, 8, 24	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه
PGF	Lossy & Lossless (DWT)	Raster	greyscale: 1, 8, 16, 31; color: 12, 16, 24, 32, 48	بله	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	؟	نه
PICT	None, RLE, QuickTime	Raster & Vector	1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32	بله	بله	بله	؟	نه	نه	نه	؟	نه?	نه
Pixel	GZIP	Raster	1, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32	؟	بله	بله	؟	بله	بله	بله	بله	بله	بله
PLD	Optional ZIP, JPEG	Vector & Raster	1, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64	؟	بله	بله	؟	بله	بله	بله	بله	بله	بله
PNG	Lossless, DEFLATE	Raster	1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64	بله (1-8 bit modes)	بله; کانال‌های آلفا 8b, 16b; 8b for indexed per-entry	بله	بله, Adam7 algorithm	نه	نه (see MNG and APNG)	نه	بله	بله, via chunks	بله, 48 and 64bit mode
PPM	None	Raster	Up to 16	نه	نه	بله	نه	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه
PSD	None, RLE	Raster & Vector	1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48, 64	بله	بله	بله	ناموجود	نه	بله	بله	بله	نه?	بله
PSP	None	Raster & Vector	1, 2, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48	بله	بله	بله	نه	؟	نه	بله	؟	؟	نه
SVG	None, lossless gzip	Vector	24, 32	نه	بله	بله	ناموجود	آری (1.2)	نه	بله	بله	بله, XML based	ناموجود
TGA	None, RLE, and other	Raster	1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	؟	نه
TIFF	None, LZW, RLE, ZIP, and other	Raster & Vector	1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32	بله (1-8 bit modes)	بله	بله	بله, for JPEG compression	بله	نه	بله	بله	بله, via tags	بله, TIFF float
XAML	None	Vector	32, 64	نه	بله	بله	ناموجود	بله	بله	بله	نه	بله	بله
Windows bitmap	None, RLE, JPEG, PNG	Raster	1, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32	بله	بله	بله	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه	نه
Format	فشرده‌سازی داده‌های صوتی	Raster / Vector	عمق رنگ	Indexed color	Trans­parency	Meta­data	Inter­lacing*	Multi-page	Ani­mation	Layers	Color manage­ment	Extend­able	HDR format