فهرست برندگان جایزه نوبل ادبیات
جایزه نوبل در ادبیات (به سوئدی: Nobelpriset i litteratur) هر ساله توسط آکادمی سلطنتی علوم سوئد به نویسندگان برای مشارکتهای برجسته در حوزه ادبیات تعلق میگیرد. این یکی از پنج جایزه نوبل است که در سال ۱۸۹۵ توسط آلفرد نوبل برای مشارکتهای برجسته در زمینههای فیزیک، شیمی، ادبیات، صلح و فیزیولوژی یا پزشکی اهدا میشود.[۱] این جایزه توسط بنیاد نوبل اداره میشود و توسط یک کمیته که متشکل از پنج عضو منتخب آکادمی علوم سلطنتی سوئد هستند به برندگان اعطا میشود.[۲]
نخستین جایزه نوبل در ادبیات سال ۱۹۰۱ به سولی پرودوم از فرانسه اهدا شد. هر جایزه شامل یک مدال، یک دیپلم افتخار و جایزه نقدی است که در طول سالهای مختلف مقدار آن متفاوت بودهاست.[۳] در سال ۱۹۰۱، مقدار جایزه سولی پرودوم، ۱۵۰۷۸۲ کرون بود که در دسامبر ۲۰۰۸ برابر با ۷،۷۳۱،۰۰۴ کرون است. در سال ۲۰۰۸، این جایزه به ژان ماری گوستاو لوکلزیو که مقدار آن ۱۰٬۰۰۰٬۰۰۰ کرون سوئد (اندکی بیش از € ۱ میلیون، یا ۱٫۴ میلیون دلار آمریکا) بود اهدا شد.[۴] این جایزه در سالانه استکهلم در تاریخ ۱۰ دسامبر برابر با سالگرد مرگ نوبل به برندگان اهدا میشود.[۵] از سال ۱۹۰۱ تا سال ۲۰۱۱ این جایزه به ۱۰۸ نفر تعلق گرفتهاست..[۶] در سال ۱۹۶۴، ژان پل سارتر از پذیرش جایزه نوبل در ادبیات خودداری کرد.[۷]
تا کنون ۱۲ زن موفق به کسب جایزه نوبل ادبیات شدهاند که به جز در زمینه صلح از سایر زمینههای جایزه نوبل بیشتر بودهاست.[۸] این جایزه در سالهای (۱۹۰۴، ۱۹۱۷، ۱۹۶۶، ۱۹۷۴) تنها به دو نفر اهدا شدهاست و در هفت سال (۱۹۱۴، ۱۹۱۸، ۱۹۳۵، ۱،۹۴۰-۱۹۴۳) نیز این جایزه به هیچ کس اهدا نشدهاست.[۶]
برندگان[ویرایش]
۱۹۰۱–۱۹۲۵[ویرایش]
| سال | برندگان نوبل ادبیات | کشور[A] | زبان | برای | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ۱۹۰۱ | سولی پرودوم | زبان فرانسوی | "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"[۹] | ||
| ۱۹۰۲ | تئودور مومسن | زبان آلمانی | "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing، with special reference to his monumental work، A History of Rome"[۱۰] | ||
| ۱۹۰۳ | بیورنستیرن بیورنسون | نروژ | زبان نروژی | "as a tribute to his noble، magnificent and versatile poetry، which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"[۱۱] | |
| ۱۹۰۴ | فردریک میسترال | زبان اکسیتان | "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production، which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people، and، in addition، his significant work as a Provençal philologist"[۱۲] | ||
| خوزه اچهخارای | اسپانیا | زبان اسپانیایی | "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which، in an individual and original manner، have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"[۱۲] | ||
| ۱۹۰۵ | هنریک سینکیهویچ | لهستان | زبان لهستانی | "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"[۱۳] | |
| ۱۹۰۶ | جوسوئه کاردوچی | ایتالیا | زبان ایتالیایی | "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research، but above all as a tribute to the creative energy، freshness of style، and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"[۱۴] | |
| ۱۹۰۷ | رودیارد کیپلینگ | بریتانیا | زبان انگلیسی | "in consideration of the power of observation، originality of imagination، virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author"[۱۵] | |
| ۱۹۰۸ | رودولف کریستف یوکن | زبان آلمانی | "in recognition of his earnest search for truth، his penetrating power of thought، his wide range of vision، and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"[۱۶] | ||
| ۱۹۰۹ | سلما لاگرلوف | سوئد | زبان سوئدی | "in appreciation of the lofty idealism، vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[۱۷] | |
| ۱۹۱۰ | پال هیزه | زبان آلمانی | "as a tribute to the consummate artistry، permeated with idealism، which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet، dramatist، novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[۱۸] | ||
| ۱۹۱۱ | موریس مترلینک | بلژیک | زبان فرانسوی | "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities، and especially of his dramatic works، which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy، which reveals، sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale، a deep inspiration، while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"[۱۹] | |
| ۱۹۱۲ | گرهارد هاوپتمان | زبان آلمانی | "primarily in recognition of his fruitful، varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"[۲۰] | ||
| ۱۹۱۳ | رابیندرانات تاگور | هند | زبان بنگالی | "because of his profoundly sensitive، fresh and beautiful verse، by which، with consummate skill، he has made his poetic thought، expressed in his own زبان انگلیسی words، a part of the literature of the West"[۲۱] | |
| ۱۹۱۴ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۱۵ | رومن رولان | زبان فرانسوی | "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"[۲۲] | ||
| ۱۹۱۶ | ورنر فون هایدنشتام | Sweden | زبان سوئدی | "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"[۲۳] | |
| ۱۹۱۷ | کارل آدولف گیلروپ | دانمارک | زبان دانمارکی | "for his varied and rich poetry، which is inspired by lofty ideals"[۲۴] | |
| هنریک پونتوپیدان | Denmark | زبان دانمارکی | "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark"[۲۴] | ||
| ۱۹۱۸ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۱۹ | کارل اشپیتلر | سوئیس | زبان آلمانی | "in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring"[۲۵] | |
| ۱۹۲۰ | کنوت هامسون | Norway | زبان نروژی | "for his monumental work، Growth of the Soil"[۲۶] | |
| ۱۹۲۱ | [[پرونده:|75px]] | آناتول فرانس | زبان فرانسوی | "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements، characterized as they are by a nobility of style، a profound human sympathy، grace، and a true Gallic temperament"[۲۷] | |
| ۱۹۲۲ | خاسینتو بناونته | Spain | زبان اسپانیایی | "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"[۲۸] | |
| ۱۹۲۳ | ویلیام باتلر ییتس | جزیره ایرلند | زبان انگلیسی | "for his always inspired poetry، which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"[۲۹] | |
| ۱۹۲۴ | ولادیسلاو ریمونت | Poland | زبان لهستانی | "for his great national epic، The Peasants"[۳۰] | |
| ۱۹۲۵ | جورج برنارد شاو | Ireland | زبان انگلیسی | "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity، its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"[۳۱] | |
۱۹۲۶–۱۹۵۰[ویرایش]
| سال | برندگان نوبل ادبیات | کشور[A] | زبان | برای | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ۱۹۲۶ | گراتزیا دلدا | زبان ایتالیایی | "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[۳۲] | ||
| ۱۹۲۷ | هانری برگسون | زبان فرانسوی | "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"[۳۳] | ||
| ۱۹۲۸ | زیگرید اوندست | Norway | زبان نروژی | "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[۳۴] | |
| ۱۹۲۹ | توماس مان | زبان آلمانی | "principally for his great novel، بودنبروکها (زوال یک خاندان)، which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[۳۵] | ||
| ۱۹۳۰ | سینکلر لوئیس | ایالات متحده آمریکا | زبان انگلیسی | "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create، with wit and humour، new types of characters"[۳۶] | |
| ۱۹۳۱ | اریک آکسل کارلفلدت | Sweden | زبان سوئدی | "The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"[۳۷] | |
| ۱۹۳۲ | جان گلسورتی | زبان انگلیسی | "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga"[۳۸] | ||
| ۱۹۳۳ | ایوان الکسیویچ بونین | Russia |
زبان روسی | "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[۳۹] | |
| ۱۹۳۴ | لوئیجی پیراندلو | زبان ایتالیایی | "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"[۴۰] | ||
| ۱۹۳۵ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۳۶ | یوجین اونیل | زبان انگلیسی | "for the power، honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works، which embody an original concept of tragedy"[۴۱] | ||
| ۱۹۳۷ | روژه مارتن دوگار | زبان فرانسوی | "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle Les Thibault"[۴۲] | ||
| ۱۹۳۸ | پرل باک | زبان انگلیسی | "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[۴۳] | ||
| ۱۹۳۹ | فرانس امیل سیلانپا | فنلاند | زبان فنلاندی | "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"[۴۴] | |
| ۱۹۴۰ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۴۱ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۴۲ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۴۳ | جایزه داده نشد | ||||
| ۱۹۴۴ | یوهانس ویلهلم ینسن | Denmark | زبان دانمارکی | "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold، freshly creative style"[۴۵] | |
| ۱۹۴۵ | گابریلا میسترال | شیلی | زبان اسپانیایی | "for her lyric poetry which، inspired by powerful emotions، has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[۴۶] | |
| ۱۹۴۶ | هرمان هسه | Switzerland | زبان آلمانی | "for his inspired writings which، while growing in boldness and penetration، exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[۴۷] | |
| ۱۹۴۷ | آندره ژید | زبان فرانسوی | "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings، in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"[۴۸] | ||
| ۱۹۴۸ | تی. اس. الیوت | زبان انگلیسی | "for his outstanding، pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"[۴۹] | ||
| ۱۹۴۹ | ویلیام فاکنر | زبان انگلیسی | "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"[۵۰] | ||
| ۱۹۵۰ | برتراند راسل | زبان انگلیسی | "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"[۵۱] | ||
۱۹۵۱–۱۹۷۵[ویرایش]
| سال | برندگان نوبل ادبیات | کشور[A] | زبان | برای | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ۱۹۵۱ | پار لاگرکویست | Sweden | زبان سوئدی | "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"[۵۲] | |
| ۱۹۵۲ | فرانسوا موریاک | زبان فرانسوی | "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"[۵۳] | ||
| ۱۹۵۳ | وینستون چرچیل | زبان انگلیسی | "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"[۵۴] | ||
| ۱۹۵۴ | ارنست همینگوی | زبان انگلیسی | "for his mastery of the art of narrative، most recently demonstrated in پیرمرد و دریا، and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"[۵۵] | ||
| ۱۹۵۵ | هالدور لاکسنس | ایسلند | زبان ایسلندی | "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"[۵۶] | |
| ۱۹۵۶ | خوان رامون خیمهنز | Spain | زبان اسپانیایی | "for his lyrical poetry، which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"[۵۷] | |
| ۱۹۵۷ | آلبر کامو | زبان فرانسوی | "for his important literary production، which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"[۵۸] | ||
| ۱۹۵۸ | بوریس پاسترناک | اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سوسیالیستی | زبان روسی | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[۵۹] | |
| ۱۹۵۹ | سالواتوره کازیمودو | زبان ایتالیایی | "for his lyrical poetry، which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"[۶۰] | ||
| ۱۹۶۰ | سنژون پرس | زبان فرانسوی | "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"[۶۱] | ||
| ۱۹۶۱ | ایوو آندریچ | یوگسلاوی | زبان صربی کرواتی | "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"[۶۲] | |
| ۱۹۶۲ | جان استاینبک | زبان انگلیسی | "for his realistic and imaginative writings، combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"[۶۳] | ||
| ۱۹۶۳ | گیورگوس سفریس | یونان | زبان یونانی | "for his eminent lyrical writing، inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[۶۴] | |
| ۱۹۶۴ | ژان پل سارتر | زبان فرانسوی | "for his work which، rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth، has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"[۶۵] | ||
| ۱۹۶۵ | میخائیل شولوخف | Soviet Union | زبان روسی | "for the artistic power and integrity with which، in his epic of the Don، he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"[۶۶] | |
| ۱۹۶۶ | شموئل یوسف آگنون | اسرائیل | زبان عبری | "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"[۶۷] | |
| نلی زاکس | Sweden | زبان آلمانی | "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing، which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[۶۷] | ||
| ۱۹۶۷ | میگل آنخل آستوریاس | گواتمالا | زبان اسپانیایی | "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"[۶۸] | |
| ۱۹۶۸ | یاسوناری کاواباتا | ژاپن | زبان ژاپنی | "for his narrative mastery، which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"[۶۹] | |
| ۱۹۶۹ | ساموئل بکت | Ireland | زبان انگلیسی and زبان فرانسوی | "for his writing، which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"[۷۰] | |
| ۱۹۷۰ | آلکساندر سولژنیتسین | Soviet Union | زبان روسی | "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[۷۱] | |
| ۱۹۷۱ | پابلو نرودا | Chile | زبان اسپانیایی | "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"[۷۲] | |
| ۱۹۷۲ | هاینریش بل | West |
زبان آلمانی | "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"[۷۳] | |
| ۱۹۷۳ | پاتریک وایت | استرالیا | زبان انگلیسی | "for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature"[۷۴] | |
| ۱۹۷۴ | ایویند جانسون | Sweden | زبان سوئدی | "for a narrative art، farseeing in lands and ages، in the service of freedom"[۷۵] | |
| هاری مارتینسون | Sweden | زبان سوئدی | "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"[۷۵] | ||
| ۱۹۷۵ | یوجنیو مونتاله | زبان ایتالیایی | "for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"[۷۶] | ||
۱۹۷۶–۲۰۰۰[ویرایش]
| سال | برندگان نوبل ادبیات | کشور[A] | زبان | برای | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ۱۹۷۶ | سال بلو | زبان انگلیسی | "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"[۷۷] | ||
| ۱۹۷۷ | ویسنته آلهایخاندره | Spain | زبان اسپانیایی | "for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society، at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"[۷۸] | |
| ۱۹۷۸ | ایزاک بشویس سینگر | زبان ییدیش | "for his impassioned narrative art which، with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition، brings universal human conditions to life"[۷۹] | ||
| ۱۹۷۹ | اودیسیاس الیتیس | Greece | زبان یونانی | "for his poetry، which، against the background of Greek tradition، depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"[۸۰] | |
| ۱۹۸۰ | چسلاو میلوش | Poland |
زبان لهستانی | "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"[۸۱] | |
| ۱۹۸۱ | الیاس کانتی | Bulgaria |
زبان آلمانی | "for writings marked by a broad outlook، a wealth of ideas and artistic power"[۸۲] | |
| ۱۹۸۲ | گابریل گارسیا مارکز | کلمبیا | زبان اسپانیایی | "for his novels and short stories، in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination، reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"[۸۳] | |
| ۱۹۸۳ | ویلیام گلدینگ | زبان انگلیسی | "for his novels which، with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth، illuminate the human condition in the world of today"[۸۴] | ||
| ۱۹۸۴ | یاروسلاو سایفرت | چکسلواکی | زبان چکی | "for his poetry which endowed with freshness، and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"[۸۵] | |
| ۱۹۸۵ | کلود سیمون | زبان فرانسوی | "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"[۸۶] | ||
| ۱۹۸۶ | وله سوینکا | نیجریه | زبان انگلیسی | "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"[۸۷] | |
| ۱۹۸۷ | ایوسیف برودسکی | زبان انگلیسی and زبان روسی | "for an all-embracing authorship، imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"[۸۸] | ||
| ۱۹۸۸ | نجیب محفوظ | مصر | زبان عربی | "who، through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic، now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"[۸۹] | |
| ۱۹۸۹ | کامیلو خوزه سلا | Spain | زبان اسپانیایی | "for a rich and intensive prose، which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"[۹۰] | |
| ۱۹۹۰ | اکتاویو پاز | مکزیک | زبان اسپانیایی | "for impassioned writing with wide horizons، characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"[۹۱] | |
| ۱۹۹۱ | نادین گوردیمر | آفریقای جنوبی | زبان انگلیسی | "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"[۹۲] | |
| ۱۹۹۲ | درک والکوت | سنت لوسیا | زبان انگلیسی | "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity، sustained by a historical vision، the outcome of a multicultural commitment"[۹۳] | |
| ۱۹۹۳ | تونی موریسون | زبان انگلیسی | "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import، gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[۹۴] | ||
| ۱۹۹۴ | کنزابورو اوئه | Japan | زبان ژاپنی | "who with poetic force creates an imagined world، where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"[۹۵] | |
| ۱۹۹۵ | شیموس هینی | Ireland | زبان انگلیسی | "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth، which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"[۹۶] | |
| ۱۹۹۶ | ویسلاوا شیمبورسکا | Poland | زبان لهستانی | "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"[۹۷] | |
| ۱۹۹۷ | داریو فو | زبان ایتالیایی | "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"[۹۸] | ||
| ۱۹۹۸ | ژوزه ساراماگو | پرتغال | زبان پرتغالی | "who with parables sustained by imagination، compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"[۹۹] | |
| ۱۹۹۹ | گونتر گراس | زبان آلمانی | "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"[۱۰۰] | ||
| ۲۰۰۰ | گائو شینگجیان | زبانهای چینی | "for an oeuvre of universal validity، bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity، which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"[۱۰۱] | ||
۲۰۰۱–۲۰۲۵[ویرایش]
| سال | برندگان نوبل ادبیات | کشور[A] | زبان | برای | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ۲۰۰۱ | وی. اس. نایپل | زبان انگلیسی | "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"[۱۰۲] | ||
| ۲۰۰۲ | ایمره کرتس | مجارستان | زبان مجاری | "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"[۱۰۳] | |
| ۲۰۰۳ | جان ماکسول کوتسی | South Africa | زبان انگلیسی | "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"[۱۰۴] | |
| ۲۰۰۴ | الفریده یلینک | اتریش | زبان آلمانی | "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[۱۰۵] | |
| ۲۰۰۵ | هارولد پینتر | زبان انگلیسی | "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"[۱۰۶] | ||
| ۲۰۰۶ | اورهان پاموک | ترکیه | زبان ترکی استانبولی | "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"[۱۰۷] | |
| ۲۰۰۷ | دوریس لسینگ | زبان انگلیسی | "that epicist of the female experience، who with scepticism، fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"[۱۰۸] | ||
| ۲۰۰۸ | ژان ماری گوستاو لوکلزیو | موریس |
زبان فرانسوی | "author of new departures، poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy، explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"[۱۰۹] | |
| ۲۰۰۹ | هرتا مولر | آلمان Romanian |
زبان آلمانی | "who، with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose، depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"[۱۱۰] | |
| ۲۰۱۰ | ماریو بارگاس یوسا | پرو Spain |
زبان اسپانیایی | "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance، revolt، and defeat".[۱۱۱] | |
| ۲۰۱۱ | توماس ترانسترومر | سوئدی | برای ارائه تصویری شفاف از واقعیت[۱۱۲] | ||
بر پایه کشور[ویرایش]
جایزههای اشتراکی به عنوان نیم برای آن کشور محاسبه شدهاست.
| کشور | شماره جوایز |
|---|---|
| ۱۳٬۵ | |
| ۱۱ | |
| ۱۰٬۵ | |
| ۸ | |
| ۸ | |
| ۶ | |
| ۵٬۵ | |
| ۳٬۵ | |
| ۳ | |
| ۳ | |
| ۳ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۲ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۱ | |
| ۰٬۵ | |
| ۰٬۵ |
همچنین ببینید[ویرایش]
منابع[ویرایش]
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- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۰". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2000/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۱". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۲". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۳". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2003/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۴". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۵". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۶". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2006/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۷". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2007/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۸". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2008/index.html. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۰۹". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2009/index.html. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Literature ۲۰۱۰". Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/index.html. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
- ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011". Nobel Foundation. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2011/. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
پیوند به بیرون[ویرایش]
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